Character Study of Jem in To Kill a Mockingbird :: To Kill a Mockingbird Essays

In To Kill a Mockingbird Jem is Scout's older brother who acts as a protector and mentor when their father, Atticus, is not present. (Scout is the main character) Both of the children are moulded and shaped by their father Atticus, Jem more so than Scout, but this is probably down to his age, Atticus brings the children up to stand by their beliefs but to accept the beliefs and views of others, and to take a look at the way another person would see the situation. The teachings of Atticus have a profound impact on Jem. Jem is a role model for Scout, when Atticus is not around he acts in his stead. Here are a few qualities we see Jem develop through the course of the story. Jem has a respect for all living creatures, a belief Atticus has instilled in him, Atticus is a firm believer in not killing animals unless absolutely necessary and we can see how Jem develops this quality in himself. When Jem and Scout receive air rifles Atticus tells Jem ?Shoot all the Bluejays you want, if you can hit ?em, but remember it?s a sin to kill a Mockingbird.? Atticus, in a roundabout sort of way, told Jem he could kill Bluejays because, they are pests and even though he doesn?t like killing animals he allows Jem to shoot at the Bluejays, but to kill a Mockingbird, who does nothing but help and please people, is not acceptable. We later see Jem shooting tin cans in the back yard despite the large numbers of Bluejays flying around him, which Scout thinks is stupid because you are allowed to shoot Bluejays so why shoot at the tin cans? He has the option to but decides he doesn?t have to kill the birds. ? When he gave us our air rifles Atticus wouldn?t teach us to shoot. Uncle Jack instructed us in rudiments thereof, he said Atticus wasn?t interested in guns*. Atticus said to Jem one day, ?I?d rather you shot at tin cans in the back yard, but I know you?ll go after birds. Shoot all the Bluejays you want, if you can hit ?em, but remember it?s a sin to kill a mocking-bird. *This is rather ironic seeing as Atticus turns out to be the best shot in Maycomb, he just doesn?t like using guns because he sees his gift for shooting as an unfair advantage over animals.

Gang Leader for a Day

Innovate Your Life In the book, Gang Leader for a Day by Sudhir Venkatesh, a sociology student from the University of Chicago starts out simply trying to understand â€Å"how it feels to be poor and black,† and ends up spending years and years figuring out the ins and outs of a gang society (Venkatesh 14). Sudhir receives the chance of a sociologist’s lifetime to see first-hand what life is like in the projects. He follows gang leader, J. T. around and studies his life at the Robert Taylor homes for years. Throughout Venkatesh’s experience he witnesses many things some people go a lifetime without seeing.For example, he was no stranger to seeing people use drugs or get beat up by gang members. One interesting aspect of Venkatesh’s experiment is the community aspect of the gang life. Although it was hard for Venkatesh to understand during his adventure, even the gang had a sense of what it was like to help out their community and how important it was. There were a lot of aspects of the book that showed the sociological perspective of the Robert Taylor community. The book Gang Leader for a Day shows the sociological perspective by bringing Robert Merton’s structural strain theory to life.Robert Merton created the structural strain theory in 1938. This theory states that deviance occurs when a society does not give all of its member’s equal ability to achieve socially acceptable goals (Conley 192). The goals Merton is referring to is the ‘American dream’; everyone wants to have a good job, a nice home, and a nice family. In the strain theory Merton talks about 5 different types of people that make up society. There are conformists, innovators, ritualists, retreatists, and rebels. Conformists are the people who accept the goals of society and the means of achieving those goals.Innovators accept the goals of society but find new means of achieving these goals. That’s where J. T. falls. Ritualists don†™t really accept the goals of society but they accept the means of achieving those goals, they often do the bare minimum to get by. Retreatists don’t accept the goals or the means of society and lastly, rebels are the people who don’t accept the goals of society or the means of achieving those goals but they create their own goals while using new means to get there. J. T. is the leader of a gang called the Black Kings.This gang lives in the Robert Taylor homes in Chicago and runs their â€Å"businesses† there. Venkatesh finds out that this group sells drugs for money but the more he learns about this group he finds more and more interesting ways they earn their money. When Sudhir first met J. T. he admitted that â€Å"the last word I expected to exit this man’s mouth was ‘college’† (Venkatesh 19). J. T. surprised him when he told him that he had â€Å"gone to college on and athletic scholarship and found that he loved reading about history and politics† (Venkatesh 27). Venkatesh came to find out that J. T. ad a corporate job after college and within two years he quit that job and returned to the gang life due to feeling that his â€Å"chances of success were limited because he was black† (Venkatesh 27). It is always said (especially now a days) how important it is for people to attend college now. You always hear left and right that you’ll need a degree to be successful and people often look down on you if you decide to take another route instead of college. People accept college as one of the means to reach the American dream. That’s what makes J. T. the perfect example of an innovator.Although he belongs to a gang which is often frowned upon in society, he accepted the means of achieving the American dream by attending college and getting a degree. Another aspect of the American dream that people accept is having a successful job. Most people would say that an acceptable successful job would mean a 9 to 5, Monday through Friday, job. But that depends on how you measure your success. J. T. may not be considered successful in the eyes of the business world but he considers himself more successful in the gang world than he was in the business world.J. T. has more money than he knows what to do with. He makes his money in various ways. Besides selling drugs through his gang, he also runs three buildings. He would allow people who were known as squatters to stay in the building when it was cold out. They were allowed to hang out in the stairwells and the gang provided them protection for a little bit of money. The gang was always finding ways like this to collect money. They would allow prostitutes to come and live there and some of them would do business there but they also had a fee to pay. Anyone who J.T. allowed to stay in his buildings without a lease would get taxed on their earnings for whatever type of business they were doing. But in return the Black King s would provide them with protection. Venkatesh learned a lot about the gang’s hierarchy and J. T. ’s â€Å"business plans. † Early in their relationship, J. T. explained the structure to making money in the drug game to Sudhir while he planned his move to running the Robert Taylor homes. He calls the Robert Taylor homes â€Å"easy money† because of how convenient the location was for white people to drive over.He also says he would go from making thirty thousand dollars a year to seventy-five thousand dollars or maybe even a hundred thousand a year (towards the end of the book J. T. is making somewhere around two hundred thousand dollars a year). This is where J. T. begins to explain the ladder of moving up in the gang and how he wants to move up. Throughout the book Venkatesh watches J. T. move up this ladder after his transition into more buildings becomes successful. J. T. finds himself going to meetings with the big wigs of the Black Kings and gainin g more and more respect from them.Gang Leader for a day shows a fascinating connection of the gang world and what people would consider ‘normal society’. J. T. ’s a successful gang leader which besides all the drugs and illegal doings of that gang, he seems more like a successful CEO of a business. He moves up a ladder of the drug business just like a regular business man has the opportunity to do. He makes most of his money through sales just like a regular company would. He provides protection to the tenants of his building as a service which for the most part they pay him for, much like how regular services are ran.So maybe J. T. doesn’t have the regular 9 to 5 job or the nice comfortable home but in his business world he is considered successful. That sounds like an innovator to me. When Venkatesh begins his study on the Chicago projects, he plans to use surveys. He starts off going into the poor community and tries to ask people questions. As Sudhir f inds out later on, the people of these communities weren’t so welcoming to new faces. On his first attempt to ask his survey questions, he was stopped and questioned by people in the building.These people did not want to allow him in and assumed he was from a rival gang. His first shot at actually asking the question â€Å"how does it feel to be young and black? † he gets laughed at. Then he asks J. T. the questions and J. T. tells him that he won’t learn anything about the life there with questionnaires and says â€Å"with people like us, you should hang out, get to know what they do, and how they do it. No one is going to answer questions like that. You need to understand how young people live on the streets† (Venkatesh 21). With that, Venkatesh changed his study technique from surveys to a field study.I believe that without a first-hand account of what living in the projects was like he couldn’t fully understand what it was like to be black and poor. I think that there are so many hardships of living the type of life that people lived in the Robert Taylor homes. People could go without eating, or couldn’t walk outside of their homes because they were afraid of getting shot. But oddly enough, I don’t think it was all bad. Throughout the book there is a strong theme of helping the community. For example, when the Pride group comes in and tries to register everyone to vote.Even though the Black Kings tried to dictate who people would vote for in order to help themselves continue to grow, they were educating people on their rights. There were people like Ms. Bailey who wouldn’t let anyone go without eating and found places to donate warm winter jackets for the people in the community. Without witnessing these acts of kindness in the community I don’t think Venkatesh’s results would have been as accurate. Most books you read or movies you watch about gangs portray them so negatively and make i t seem like everything they do is horrible for the community around them.Needless to say selling drugs openly on the streets is no way to live a life, but Venkatesh’s field study brought to light all the good things that go on in communities like these that a survey couldn’t have. I’m sure the people living in the Robert Taylor homes would ask for a nicer place to live or more food to eat and they more than likely didn’t enjoy being poor but Venkatesh proved through his study that just because someone is poor and lives in gang territory doesn’t mean that they can’t be as nice or as crazy as someone who lived in the suburbs.I strongly believe that if he had used the survey method he would not have found these types of things out about this community. Through his field study, the question arises, was this study ethical? There are definitely some gray lines in answering this question. Sociologists are supposed to make sure their participants ar e aware of what the study consists of. Throughout the book Venkatesh constantly asks himself what his intentions were of his study. If the researcher barely knows what his intentions are how are the participants supposed to understand?They are also supposed to make sure none of the participants can be harmed in their study. He also questions the ethics of his study when he watches J. T. beat up C-note for working on cars where he wanted to play basketball. He asks himself how he is supposed to stand by and watch violent acts like these take place without putting his morals at stake. I absolutely believe that in a field study like this Venkatesh’s ethics were on the line, but I don’t believe he would have gotten the same results if he didn’t cross that line.In Gang Leader for a Day I think that Venkatesh proved that poor people aren’t completely poor. They may not have money and might not always be able to afford food but I believe that he proved they stil l enjoy their lives to the most they can. I also think that it’s an assumption that someone can’t be successful if they’re from the projects because your poor and don’t always have the means to get there. Venkatesh’s study showed through J. T. that’s not true. Even though J. T. isn’t successful in society’s eyes he is in his mind because he has the money, the cars, and the clothes.He doesn’t view himself as a criminal he believes that since he’s doing good things for his community he isn’t a criminal. He just has a different way of doing things. People look up to J. T. in the Robert Taylor homes and support him. For example, during Ms. Bailey’s monthly meeting with her tenants, people question how she can support J. T. knowing all the illegal activities he conducts. She points out to these people that the community has become much safer and that there had been less shootings in their area due to the help from J. T. and his gang. J. T. eld so much power in the community and he tried to use that power to make positive changes. He had his younger officers clean up after community parties and did other community service like projects to prove to others that they weren’t always bad people. All in all, Gang Leader for a Day taught me that people in the projects aren’t all miserable, bad people. Sure, they lead a hard life but there are people there that have their hearts in the right place and do what they can to help even if they engage in activities that might be frowned upon like dealing drugs.You see all different types of people in these types of communities. That’s why this book was such a good example of the structural strain theory. There are people like J. T. that use new ways of finding their own success and there’s people like Sudhir who follow the means to achieve the goals of society by going to school and getting a job. I genuinely enjoyed th is book and would definitely recommend it for someone who is interested in getting a wider perspective on what the project life is like. Read and Reviewed by Logan Beck I used academic integrity in completing this assignment.

Challenges Associated with High Fixed Costs †Airlines Essay

What are the challenges associated with managing in a business with high fixed costs like airlines? To understand the challenges firms face with regard to high fixed costs we must first have a basic understanding. A fixed cost is a routine cost the company incurs despite production, and changes in volume. It is a cost that must be paid routinely, but the amount of the expense may vary. Firms with high fixed costs must have complete understanding of what fixed costs exist that will be incurred, and how much revenue they need to generate in order to cover those costs and remain profitable. Companies operating in the airline industry face several opportunities in managing and developing strategies that take into account the following challenges: rivalry, high-fixed costs, low capacity, and price competition. The high fixed costs faced by airline companies are the costs of planes, fuel, pilots, flight attendants, and additional staff for baggage and customer service. The airline industry is fiercely competitive and the ability to manage these costs and deliver revenue is what makes a firm successful. In a growing market the amount of entries and competitive offers can hinder the ability to remain viably profitable. â€Å"In short, companies that operate with a high fixed cost business model, particularly companies that operate in cyclical end markets, get hit the hardest when there is a cyclical downturn or a push out of an expected spending pattern.† (â€Å"Alcatel-Lucent: Turnaround or takeover?† (2012). When the industry struggles, competition to meet revenue goals increase, and airline firms tend to either encounter significant unexpected expenses to keep up or get caught in a price war situation. As far as competition in the airline industry, labor is a fixed-cost that can significantly impact a firm. With the level of competition in the aviation industry, and the amount of firms competing, it can be challenging to retain the skilled pilots, staff, and customer service employees. Pricing strategy is a challenge as well, in that, in order to be the most productive firm and minimize the effect of these high fixed-costs, airlines must maintain just enough equipment and enough route offerings to meet demand, and therefore remain profitable. The difficulties experienced by high-fixed costs according to Paul McWilliams, â€Å"†¦companies with high fixed costs models have inherently low cost flexibility and are, therefore, very sensitive to fluctuations in  revenue.† (â€Å"Alcatel-Lucent: Turnaround or takeover?†) High-fixed costs allow the ability to produce high profit if the company runs at a high productivity and is in a growing market. If a company cannot produce revenue, it will detrimentally impact the firm’s ability to remain profitable. To sum up the challenges in terms operating in the airline industry, James Joyner says, â€Å"We’ve had commercial aviation for nearly a century now and nobody has managed to make a sustained go of it yet. As the business starts to look profitable, we’ll inevitably see more entrants into the competition, driving down price, and demands from labor for their fair share, driving up costs.† Therefore, the ability to minimize the challenges faced in operating with high-fixed costs comes down to awareness of the fixed costs, the ability to remain competitive while operating in volatile industry, and a firms ability to generate revenue. Works Cited McWilliams, Paul. (2012). â€Å"Alcatel-Lucent: Turnaround or takeover?† Retrieved from http://money.msn.com/top-stocks/post.aspx?post=4bab7644-01a6-4b4e-b636-443995abad2b Joyner, James. Publisher, â€Å"Airlines Make Profit!† Outside the Beltway Retrieved from http://www.outsidethebeltway.com/airlines-make-profit/

Yeast Cell Essays

Yeast Cell Essays Yeast Cell Essay Yeast Cell Essay Instructions: a) Turn-off all mobile communication devices (cell-phones, PDAs, laptops, etc. ) b) There are 25 (twenty five) problems. You have to attempt all of them. c) Each problem has 5 (five) possible answers. Choose the correct answer, and fill the appropriate oval on the answer sheet. d) There is no negative marking. e) Do not fill more than one oval for any problem. f) It is preferable that you use a pencil to answer the problems. g) Non-programmable calculators can be used if necessary.Signature of the invigilator Time: 50 minutes ID Part I : Physics Set A 1. If light waves enter a medium of higher refractive index from a medium of lower refractive index, the wavelength of the light is A) increased B) remain unchanged C) decreased D) will be zero E) changed, but cannot be determined. 2. Two resistances of equal value R are connected in parallel, the equivalent resistance will be A) R B) 2R C) R/2 D) 4R E) None of these 3. The motion of a pendulum is an example of A) uniform linear motion B) uniform circular motion E) periodic motion C) non-uniform circular motion D) rotational motion 4.A man moving at the speed of sound away from a stationary source producing sound of frequency f, would hear a sound of frequency A) f B) 1. 5f C) 2. 25f D) 2. 5f E. ) Won? t hear anything 5. If the temperature of a semiconductor is increased then its resistance will A) increase B) decrease C) remain unchanged D) depends on humidity E) none of the answer is correct 6. A charged particle in motion produces A) electric field only C) magnetic field only E) depends on the speed of the particle. 7. The mass of the Earth is 80 times that of the Moon and the radius of the Moon is ? the radius of the Earth. If a body has a mass „m? n Earth, then its mass on moon will be A) 2m B) ? m C) m D) ? m E) ? m B) neither electric nor magnetic field D) both electric and magnetic field 8. The location of a point P is (2, -3, 4). The position vector of this point is ? ? j A) 2i ? 3 ? ? 4k ? ? ? j j B) ? 3 ? ? 4k C) 2i ? 3 ? ? 4k ? ? j D) 2i ? 3 ? ? 4k ? j E) 2i ? 3 ? 9. Two charged particles, when 10 cm apart, attract each other with a force of F Newton. When 5 cm apart, they attract each other with a force of A) F/2 B) F/4 C) 2F D) F E) 4F 10. An object is dropped from a height h, at what height will its kinetic energy be equal to its potential energy?A) 2/3 h B) 1/3 h C) 3/4 h D) 1/2 h E) 3/2 h 11. If the horizontal and vertical components of a velocity are 60m/s and 80m/s then the velocity is A) 50m/s B) 70m/s C) 90m/s D) 100m/s E) 110 m/s 12. If the volume of a fixed mass of gas is doubled without changing its temperature, the density of the gas is A) ? of initial value E) quadrupled B) halved C) unchanged D) doubled 13. The Second law of Thermodynamics introduces the concept of A) temperature B) internal energy C) heat D) entropy E) work done 2 PART II MATHEMATICS 14. The sum of the two roots of a quadratic equation is 5 and their product is ? . Which of the following could be the equation? A) x 2 ? 6 x ? 5 ? 0 B) x 2 ? 5 x ? 6 ? 0 C) x 2 ? 5 x ? 6 ? 0 D) x 2 ? 5 x ? 6 ? 0 E) x 2 ? 6 x ? 5 ? 0 15. If a and b are real numbers, i 2 ? ?1 , and (a ? b) ? 5 i ? 9 ? a i , what is the value of b? A) 4 B) 5 C) 9 D) 4 ? 5i E) 5 ? 4i 16. If line l is the perpendicular bisector of the line segment with endpoints (2,0) and (0,? 2) , what is the slope of line l? A) 2 B) 1 C) 0 D) -1 E) -2 17. A sequence is recursively defined by a n ? a n ? 1 ? 2a n ? 2 for n ? 2 . If a1 ? 0 and a 2 ? 1 , what is a 6 ? A) 5 B) 8 C) 11 D) 13 E) 21 18.Two fair dice are rolled. What is the probability that the sum of the two numbers that appear is greater than 3? A) ? B) ? C) 5/6 D) 11/12 E) 1 19. If f ( x) ? ( x ? 1) 2 and g ( x) ? x then g ( f ( x)) ? A) | x ? 1 | B) x ? 1 C) 1 ? x D) x ( x ? 1) 2 E) ( x ? 1) 2 20. If log b a ? x and log b c ? y , and 4 x ? 6 y ? 8 , then log b ( a 2 c 3 ) ? A) 0 B) 1 C) 2 D) 3 E) 4 21. lim x? 2 x 4 ? 16 ? x? 2 A) 33 B) 32 C) 30 D) 1 E) 0 3 22. ? 2 1 1 dx ? x2 A) ? 1 / 2 B) 7/24 C) ? D) 1 E) 2 ln 2 23. If f ( x) ? sin(e ? x ) then f ? (x) ? A) ? cos(e ? x ) E) ? e ? x cos(e ? x ) B) cos(e ? x ) ? ? x C) cos(e ? x ) ? e ? x D) e ? x cos(e ? x ) 24. An island has two types of people, Satyas who always tell the truth, and Mithyas who always lie. You encounter two people A and B. What are A and B if A says B is a Satya and B says the two of us are of opposite types? A) A and B are both Satyas B) A and B are both Mithyas C) A is a Satya and B is a Mithya D) A is a Mithya and B is a Satya E) Cannot be determined 25. B 8 5 C A D If the rectangle ABCD in the figure above is rotated about the side AB, it generates a cylinder of volume A) 40? B) 50? C) 100 ? D) 200? E) 320? 4

Book Report Form Key Marks of Book Report Formatting

Book Report Form Key Marks of Book Report Formatting How to Write a Book Report? A book report is considered to be an easy assignment, requiring its author to come up with a plot and character summary, and also state brief author information. This kind of writing doesnt typically require in-depth analysis. For this  reason,  this type of assignment is considered to be associated with K-12  academic level (high school). BOOK REPORT FORMAT If a beginner were to write a simple book report, he or she would inevitably be looking for some kind of pattern or form to rely on. One of such helpers in book report writing is a book report template or a book report form. This is a standardized form that resembles a table with a set of questions in it. You simply fill out each section to obtain a book report that will be adequate for most educational purposes. Of course, book report forms will differ as there is no universally accepted book report format. Every teaching institution and even every teacher will have his/her own requirements and will grade your book report against those criteria. For this  reason,  you should always bear in mind the assignment criteria received from your teacher and follow them closely. TOP 25 BOOK REPORT IDEAS Below you will find a sample book report that you are free to use while working on your book report. The main point of this book report form is to make sure that all the required information has been mentioned. You are free to shuffle it around the way you want to achieve a coherent and well-flowing book document. If you have a book report to write, feel free to use any of our resources posted here. In case you need the  assistance  of a professional writer, please feel free to contact us directly or place an order and we will be happy to help you through your assignment.

Self Leadership Personal Profile (This topic is regarding Leadership Essay

Self Leadership Personal Profile (This topic is regarding Leadership field) - Essay Example Self-leadership Skills Literature Overview Lorenz (2009) defined soft skills as a combination of personal attitudes, qualities, social adaptability and habits, all of which determine the behavioural traits of an employee at workplace. Many studies have revealed that several companies value both soft and hard skills in equal proportions since together these serve as indicators of the overall job performance of an individual. Soft skills, in general, are based on the inherent qualities of an individual and hence the development or improvement of these skills is dependent on the level of motivation and self-awareness possessed by the employee or any other individual. Self-awareness is based on the ability of individuals to assess their soft and hard skills. Through such an assessment, individuals become more aware about their strengths and the areas which they need to develop in order to achieve commendable self-leadership skills. According to Sparrowe (2005), self-leadership skills ref er to â€Å"authentic leadership† in terms of â€Å"self-awareness of one’s fundamental values and purpose†. Leadership is based on self-awareness and a personal recognition and appreciation of an individual’s own personal preferences, personality and habits. In short, for the understanding of those who are relatively new to this concept, self-awareness which is determined through self-assessment constitutes the basis of self-leadership. This is truly reflected in the words of Harrison (n.d.), who states: â€Å"True leaders are as keenly – and realistically – aware of their strengths as their limitations†. The most important and primary soft-skills that have been identified include: a diplomatic understanding about team behaviour, motivation of employees, organizational dynamics, possess good communication skills (Brandel, 2006); coordination and execution of various ideas put forth by the team, flexibility, ability to handle work-rel ated stress and risks (DiVincenzo, 2006); strengthen interpersonal relationships, become goal-oriented and focused, committed to organizational values, strong leadership skills which include commitment to work, punctuality and taking responsibility for one’s actions (Kerzner, 1987); possess the capacity to lead an manage team members (Sacco, 2006); the ability to negotiate and plan, if required, in order to reach a consensus (Black, 2006); and the willingness to build networks (Jiang, Klein, & Chen, 2001). Hence soft skills are equally important to hard skills as only these help an individual to increase their work productivity, quality, and self-confidence which would help them achieve success in their career (Lorenz, 2009). And all the above soft skills are also required to develop the leadership skills of an individual. The increasing global changes in the economy have forced organizations to focus on the skills of an individual and in building viable relationships. In suc h a scenario, the need for individuals with soft skills is significantly rising as it directly correlates to the success of the organization as well as the individual (Sukhoo et al., 2005; Lorenz, 2009). Current Skill Level Self-awareness and knowledge about one’s own skills constitutes a key factor in both personal and professional growth as they would help pave way for better changes and improvements. In my case, I wish to use the feedbacks offered by my

Select a business from anywhere in the world Essay

Select a business from anywhere in the world - Essay Example The purpose of this paper is to highlight the impact of macroeconomic forces on the business of Tesco. Tesco Plc is a multinational company operating in multiple continents namely North America, Asia, and Europe. This paper concentrates only on business of Tesco in the U.K. Major political forces shaping the economy; impact of recession; and the potential impact on the business are to be discussed in details. The sustainable practices followed by the company have also been highlighted. Tesco Plc is a British retailing giant specializing in food business. Jack Cohen founded the Company in 1919 and it was named as Tesco in 1924. The company had started its business in 1929 with the opening of the first store in London. Tesco had continued its aggressive expansion in the U.K. and by 1960’s there were multiple stores in the country. With the onset of globalization in the 80’s the company had begun to diversify its business both geographically, and, in terms of its business portfolio (Tesco plc, 2014). Presently, the business of the company comprises selling of grocery, electronic items, clothing and furniture. It also includes providing financial, software and telecom services (Tesco plc, 2014). The company offers products that can be used by people of all age groups. Market share of Tesco in the U.K. is 28%. It has been observed that the market share of the company have declined from 31.7% in 2007 to 28.7% in 2014 (Wood, 2014). Theory of economics state s that firms operating in the same market and offering same products by targeting similar base can be treated as competitors. The major competition for Tesco comes from ASDA, Sainsbury and Morrisons. The following pie chart shows the market share of Tesco as compared to its competitors. After the global financial crisis it has been found that Tesco have been losing market share mainly to competitors like Waitrose, Aldi and Lidl that have a combined market share of 3.5%. The main reason that can be