Long Term Investment Decisions Essay

Long term capital decisions involve choosing how to finance long term projects. For a movie rental company, such decisions would include opening new shops in new markets or buying new machinery that would improve the firm’s technology. Before making such decisions, a firm has to do an analysis of the returns that the new project would bring against the cost outlay of the project. There are several ways of doing such an analysis. They include the payback period, net present value, internal rate of return among others. The main aim of conducting this analysis is to determine whether the expected returns meet a certain predetermined benchmark, usually higher than the risk free return. Rationale for government intervention The United States government intervenes in business processes in a number of ways; it has formulated regulation that governs the film distribution industry to ensure a level playing field, ensuring employee protection, protection of the environment etcetera. For instance, there are laws that govern advertising. These laws are set to ensure that advertisers are truthful and honest in their adverts. To protect the rights of employees, the government regulates issues such as the minimum wage payable to an employee, the maximum working hours and a good working environment. In addition, the government has put measures that regulate waste management and protection of the environment. Through the environmental protection agency, the government ensures businesses comply with environment protection regulation in order to protect the environment (Graham et al, 2010). Why Government Regulation is needed Governments in all countries in the world regulate business for both economic and social reasons. In the recent past governments have continually regulated businesses for economic reasons mostly to prevent falling productivity especially in developed economies. Social regulation is practiced in order to ensure businesses comply with the social or the moral expectation of the public. For instance in a movie rental company, the government would engage regulations that restrict distribution of pornographic and other banned films or limits the distribution to only the age appropriate groups (Khan & Jain, 2004). The main reason why a government is formed is to protect the rights of its citizens. There are a number of rights that if not protect may lead to social unrest. A government should ensure that property rights are enforced to ensure that the producers leap from their hard labor. In addition, the government should ensure the kind of media that is on sale is age appropriate. It should protect kids from content that may not be appropriate to them. For example, small kids should not be allowed to access pornography or content that is extremely violent. Another reason why a government should regulate businesses is to ensure a level playing ground for all firms. Because of the disparities in some resources a firm may possess an unfair advantage over other firms. In order to ensure that an industry is competitive, the government has to ensure that the industry has a level playing field and needs to be regulated. For instance, in the movie industry, the government may come in to break cartels that form in order to influence the prices of production and the distribution channels. Specifically, a government can put in place regulations that liberalize the market and break such cartels. In addition, the government has a moral obligation to protect the environment by ensuring that hazardous material is properly disposed. In a movie rental company, there are a lot of technological wastes generated. Lack of proper disposal of pc’s and other such like materials that cause cancer to humans may lead to increase in incidents of cancer. Therefore, the government must come up with measures that ensure that there are proper disposal mechanisms for such waste. The benefits of a merger There are a lot of advantages that blockbuster would enjoy as a result of forming a merger. One of the greatest advantages of forming a major is that blockbuster would enjoy the economies of scale as a result of operating as a larger company. Economies of scale occur as a result of reduction of average costs as a result of increased output. In addition, the merger can help blockbuster achieve diversification. For example, blockbuster can merge with firms that provide a different service from what it offers. By doing so, block buster will obtain access to knowledge and expertise that may help the firm gain competitive advantage. However, the advantages of forming a merger depend on a number of factors. Specifically, the success of a merger depend on the scope of economies scale created, effects on monopoly power, and the effects on cost. However, due to the threats, blockbuster chooses to pursue its expansion plan by capital investment. Capital projects are long term investments that are made to build on, or improve a capital intensive project. A project that is capital intensive requires the input of considerable amounts of capital especially financial and labor to start and run. They also require a lot of planning and resources. There are a number of ways that a firm can finance capital projects. Before determining the best way to finance capital projects, a firm should seek to determine the costs, the viability of the investment and the stream of returns from the investment. Despite the advantages of forming a merger, there are a lot of complexities that makes it less attractive to form a merger. For example, there is the issue of dilution of control. By forming a merger, the firm will reduce the amount of control it has on decision making. It will have to contend with the inclusion of new investor who will inherit the right to vote on significant decisions. This may change the goals of a company and work to slow decision making. A merger also reduces the public’s confidence in a firm. The public may construe the move as a measure to save the firm from imminent failure. In order to eliminate these complexities, it becomes paramount to seek alternative ways of expanding a business. One of the alternatives is capital expenditures. However, it is not overly advantageous. Complexities of funding expansion using capital expenditures The cost outlay of financing capital expenditures is particularly high. Therefore, a firm has to do a comprehensive review of the cost and benefits of using the available funds to expand the business. In addition to the cost, capital expenditures require a huge investment of time and labor. Given that these resources are limited a firm is constrained by the availability of the factors of production. For a firm that has limited resources will find it extremely difficult to expand via capital expenditures. Convergence of the needs of the stockholders and managers The need of stockholders is to maximize increase their wealth. On the other hand, the management aims to achieve management efficiency and increase a business’s competitiveness. The common goal of both parties is profitability. A stockholders wealth is increased significantly by profits. On the other hand, a business becomes efficient if uses the least resources to achieve the greatest possible profit (Thukaram, 2003). The method of expansion chosen for the firm will be the most efficient and that will maximize the return on investment by the stockholders. To determine the returns from the investment a firm can use scientific ways of measuring the highest possible level of returns. These methods include, evaluating the marginal rate of return for the project.

Book cover judgments

The term ‘book cover judgments’ bears only negative connotations. It’s widely accepted in the society that a person should analyze and synthesize all the available information before arriving at any decision. People who sometimes make book cover judgments are considered shallow and hypocritical. It’s often deemed to be a sign of narrowness and over-indulged self-opinion. Psychologists struggled to prove that the first impression is frequently the most lasting and important one, yet the society still keeps to the notion that superficial judgments are the greatest evil.Upon careful investigation, it becomes evident that book cover judgments often provide the most relevant and accurate information, being an important way to organize information, which is especially relevant at the dawn of the Information Age. In many cases, book cover judgment can provide the most relevant and accurate information. It’s especially true about making up one’s mind about other people: it’s a well-known fact that the first impression can be formed from brief exposure to another, and it can last for years.It can be proven by one of the new fads, speed-dating, organized by such companies as 8MinuteDating and HurryDate, when people meet with a dozen of people for up to ten minutes and then decide on their potential companions. Its concept rests on a simple belief that a couple of minutes can be plenty of time to understand a person up and judge compatibility. It’s not a top secret that everybody evaluates each other based on immediate intuitions.Scientists are discovering that in many situations our social intuition is indeed astonishing, as we can sometimes collect a considerable amount of information about a person’s nature or abilities in just a few seconds. Initial encounters are emotionally intense events that can overwhelm us, therefore true and accurate judgments can be formed. Book cover judgments are not simple hardwi red reactions, since people are also taught how to judge others, holding our first impressions up to the light of social stereotypes. Implicit attitudes that enter into our calculations are always in place.As a consequence, sometimes book cover judgments are considered synonymous to such words as stereotypes and prejudices. Prejudices and stereotypes are schemes that assist us in comprehending the reality; when reality does not correspond to our prejudice it is easier for our mind to modify our interpretation of reality than to modify the prejudice. Prejudices help us to complement information when we do not posses at the moment. And here it’s of paramount importance to draw a line between these two concepts. From a psychological perspective, stereotypes are simply ways to organize information in your head.Having stereotypes amount to having life experience to build upon. It’s necessary to use stereotypes to draw parallel with other similar cases in the past, to avoid mistakes or use the strong sides of some employees. Stereotypes consist basically in shared beliefs or notions about a certain group or event. A stereotype is a combination of characteristics that sums up this group or event. The goal of stereotypes is to simplify reality. Prejudices, however, are judgements we make about another person or group of people without trying to understand them.They are divided into negative or positive in character, yet negative prejudices prevail. Prejudices often go along with ignorance, fear or hatred. When making judgments about groups of people, book cover judgments aren’t enough. It has been shown already that one can’t do without organizing information without help of stereotypes. This is especially true in the Information Age when people are receiving a huge amount of information every second. Information flows are continuously intensifying, and this tendency is projected to amplify in the future. In the past, people had enough time to allocate to such matters as judging and rethinking.The decline of conventional philosophy at the beginning of the 21st century is the evidence of the diminishing value of in-depth analysis. While this analysis is sometimes performed for a variety of reasons, it’s conspicuously absent from our everyday life. It’s too early to blame modern men for laziness or ignorance – without making book cover judgments, it’s impossible to make sense of all the information we have to process every day. In other words, book cover judgments are necessary for many reasons. First of all, they can quickly provide much information about a certain person just after few minutes of initial contact.Secondly, stereotypes have been proven to be an important way to organize information. Las but not least, book cover judgments are the only option available to the society living in the Information Age. The society should gradually change its negative perception of quick judgments. Psychologists have already started debunking many myths about the psychological mechanism behind making book cover judgments. Instead of trying to diminish the value of this essential psychological tool, people should be trained to handle first impressions effectively and derive maximum information possible from the first seconds of encounter.

The Most Effective Methods for Improving Employee Motivation Dissertation

The Most Effective Methods for Improving Employee Motivation - Dissertation Example Literature Review One motivational theorist states it plainly: â€Å"Aspiration is the source of all motivation† (Freemantle, 2004, p.22). Aspiration is akin to desire and ambition, therefore the author suggests that an effective organization aspires to achieve performance and works to get staff members engaged in this process. This points toward giving cause for each and every organizational scenario or policy to remind employees that they are very much a part of organizational goals and should be reminded to aspire to achieve short- and long-term business ambitions. From this author’s perspective, motivating employees should be as simple as leadership engagement and vision. One difficulty in motivating people, for those organizations which take a Theory X approach to business, is offering employees more autonomous work environments (no micro-managing) and giving them more inclusion in organizational situations. The Theory X philosophy, proposed by Douglas McGregor, suggests that employees are simply lazy by nature, incapable of self-direction, and incapable of providing innovative or creative solutions to enhance organizational effectiveness (Kopelman, Prottas, and Davis, 2008). Under Theory X leadership, employees are rigidly-controlled by top-down hierarchies of management and are expected to simply conform to organizational mandates. Additionally, Theory X leaders seem to command and control employees, expecting no more contribution than generic job function each and every day in the business or organization.

Risk But, Wasnt That a Disaster Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Risk But, Wasnt That a Disaster - Essay Example Turner, from his research work and a later published book â€Å"Man Made Disasters†, establishes that clear patterns can be drawn out of every disaster that takes place due to human negligence (Turner, 1978). These patterns according to him are clearly divisible in six steps. He also argues that humans can do much more than just witness a catastrophe. Similarly, Perrow in his published book â€Å"Normal Accidents† mentions that due to the fact that people are incompetent when it comes to ‘handling complexity’ (Perrow, 1984) therefore accidents at composite facilities come by easily. Both, Turner and Perrow’s work is highly regarded, which were only possible due to society’s resolve to find a way to avoid accidents. Turner also points out in his above-referred works that usually it is the un-tested innovation that causes the disaster. He refers to accidents at Hixon in 1968 and Summerland in 1973. Moving from physical disasters to corporate ones, the writer talks about the opportunity for isomorphic learning wherein firms specialize in a special segment and engineer the best possible way of doing that job. This way significant time is saved as organizations can outsource a particular activity and don’t have to spend the time to learn it to do the right way. Not only this complex processes can be better performed by the taskmasters. Errors in these processes are usually human, and therefore learning to deal with infrequent events is what isomorphic learning is all about. Analyzing these disasters one realizes how similar they are at the time of happening. Human errors are seen to be a major player as far as financial disasters are concerned. Therefore, according to the writer, there is a severe need to learn from these mistakes so that such incidents can be avoided. Although the work that the writer of the article has cited from the authors is pretty much credible, however, more supportive work would make the argument stronger. Incorporating research and studies gives a lot of weight to the examination.  

Great Depression Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Great Depression - Thesis Example It led to lower production of staple and cash crop food like wheat, which led to low income2. Misuse of land by farmers caused soil erosion by wind storms; plagues of grasshoppers invaded their wheat and caused massive losses. It caused migration of civilians in other parts of the country, which had not been hit hard (Atlantic and southern parts). Production industries and companies: they had to reduce production, especially farm inputs, this led to dropping off of employees hence rising unemployment, few people considered luxury items therefore affecting industries producing such appliances for example cars3. Other parts of Ontario and Quebec went through unemployment since mining and forest tourists had dropped. For British Columbia province, which majors in horticulture encountered an economic downfall due to low demand hence workers were laid off. The Newfoundland province had to ask for government help for the crisis (Wiegand, 254). Very few wealthy citizens benefited from the depression since they acquired property due to the low value and cheap prices and later sold it at higher rates. In addition, few big industries capitalized on the chance of depression since they didn’t have to pay wages as many workers were dismissed. Political instability: A lot of pressure from the economy and citizens, the whole country faced to politics to try to save the situation, they overthrew the past political parties and brought in liberals lawyer Richard Bennett hoping to bring a

Analysis paper for History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Analysis paper for History - Essay Example The South had more agricultural products than the North with more farm land. The South had more financial success than the North. Although the taxes were less per person in the North due to the population the North brought in more tax revenues. Congressional representation was more in the North as well. The statistics above are due to the lifestyles of both regions. Southern life revolved around plantations. Slaves, land, and agricultural goods created more revenue for the South. In the South an education was not needed to be a farmer, plantation owner, and so forth. The women also did not work or read in the South as much in the North. In the North, men and women needed education or skills to work. More men labored in the North than in the South. Slaves did the labor in the South, whereas in the North men competed for the jobs. The lifestyles were extremely different. This is reflected in the census data. The major differences between slave states and free states are education, finance, and agriculture. The workers from up North were poorer, but better educated. The slave factor gave more wealth to the Southern states, but also crippled them in the education department. Not having slaves made the Northerners have a higher literacy

Qatar Electricity and Water Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Qatar Electricity and Water Company - Essay Example Almost half (43%) of these shares are owned by the Qatar government itself and the rest (57%) by the private individuals (Water report for Qatar). This renowned company has many credits and achievements to its name. It runs power plants and desalination station to meet the consumption needs of the country. It has also signed up an agreement with the Qatar General Electricity and water corporation and sells its products to them as well. Given below is a statistical chart (Welcome to Qatar Electricity & Water Co) that shows the requirements of the Qatar electricity and Water Company for the graduates and trainees. As per the chart, the company opens its offers for the mechanical, electrical, chemical and instrumentation engineering branches and also has opportunities for semi technical and non technical employees. People from these backgrounds are trained in their respective fields as per the company's requirement. These trained people are finally recruited in technical fields of need. It also has some staff in the field of management, accounting and administration as well. This selection is done based on the requirement of the company for then and near future in mind. Qatari Graduates Work and Training Opportunities in the Company   qualifications field of work Grade Specialization university, graduates & diploma Technical bachelor degree or diploma in engineering mechanical electrical instrumentation chemical semi-technical bachelor in science computer - physics - chemistry – math non-technical bachelor of commerce / arts administration- accounting - management administration high school graduates technical-non technical high school science - non science The company has its own training programs and does concentrate on the program very well. The training program takes the employees through Qatar petroleum. A separate team is appointed to supervise the training program as this is considered to be an important phase in the employee assessment and evaluat ion. This generally involves graduates from Qatar and abroad as well. These graduates are trained to fill various technical supervisory jobs. The company also deals with other international companies that manufacture the sophisticated equipment that the Qatar electricity and water company uses and trains its employees in using this equipment. However there are certain requirements to be fulfilled by the graduates with tests and personal interviews as well. The company has been keeping itself abreast of the other companies, by adopting latest technologies and making sure it has its share in the international market. Qatar electricity and Water Company has also made sure that it stands in the international market by making sure the employees cope with the international standards and hence it lets the employees to go through English language tests asses their speaking skills to ensure they would be able communicate anywhere within and outside the country. Hence English has also been an other criterion in the selection of the candidates The company stands second to none when it comes to compensations of the employees. Qatar electricity and Water Company ensures the best compensation in the class. It rewards the employees with many benefits and huge salaries. It also has retirement system, making sure the employees lead a decent life even after their retirement. Apart from these it also offers its

A summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

A summary - Essay Example eedom to all irrespective of the race, sex, language, and religion along with the cooperation of the international arena (United Nations, General Assembly, 1). The underlying agenda which is reflected out through the resolution of 65/166 is that of the culture. The human beings must possess the fundamentals which would be directed towards the unified respect for varied belief, culture, as well as religions. Tolerance should be geared up in every phase without fear repression and should be subjected as a valuable asset of humanity with the active promotion of the same (United Nations, General Assembly, 2). The resolution cab be viewed as an apex tool for the rejuvenating the importance of culture on the process of sustainable development at a juncture when the international actors in the development trajectory are focusing on the assessment of gaps in achieving certain objectives subjected to the promotion in the United Nations Conference on Sustainable development and summit on the Millennium Development Goals in the year 2015. The resolution moved in favor of the accumulation of relevant data and raw information sets for the purpose of de monstrating the impact of culture on the social, as well as the economic well being of the people and the societies with the formulation of national, as well as international policy ramifications. The resolution also directed towards broader mainstreaming of the culture in to the United Nations Development Assistance Framework within the field of culture and development within the recently signed MOU (memorandum of understandings) by UNESCO and the World Bank. The resolution has also opened dimensions for all the entities of the United Nations in the understanding of the correlation between culture and sustainable development with the infusion of development of indicators, statistics and that of optimal acquisition policies. The resolution leads the way of analyzing the qualitative impact of culture on the welfare dynamics for

The Adams-Onis Treaty Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Adams-Onis Treaty - Research Paper Example A key point to note is that the treaty's signing was conducted in Washington in 1819. Additionally, the ratification by Spain followed in 1820 and consequently enforced in 1821. The treaty renounced the prior claims by the United States regarding Texas. Additionally, the treaty settled the boundary3. The Louisiana Purchase covered the source of the Sabine River, the west and south banks, and the direct link to the north of the Red River4. The Adams-Onion treaty was terminated in 1903 following the introduction of a new treaty in 1902. Some of the key elements in the Adams–Onis Treaty included the idea of the United States acquiring Florida, as well as the idea of establishing a boundary between the territory of the United States and Spain. Notably, the then foremost international debate concentrated in the then American- Spain border. In the larger continent of Europe, Spain encountered serious problems that were internally generated, and the out west colonies almost faced rev olution at that time. Spain realized that its hold on the colonial empire was gradually escaping. Through Jackson’s attack, Spain authorities realized that they were weak when compared to the United States. The relationship between the U.S. and Spain was strained due to suspicions of the United States supporting the struggles for independence amongst the Spanish colonies in American5. Additionally, the phenomenon emerged crucial following the seizing of the Pensacola’s Spanish forts by Gen. Andrew Jackson. In 1818, St. Marks approved raid of Seminoles as he escaped the then slaves that seemed a significant Georgia’s threat. Andrew Jackson approved the execution of two citizens from Britain over the accusations of incitement upon runways and Indians6. There was a serious contemplation by the government of President Monroe towards the denouncing of the actions of Jackson7. However, Adams defended Andrew Jackson as he cited the significance of restraining the India ns as well as escaping slaves. Additionally, Adams sensed that Andrew’s Seminole campaign proves his popularity amongst Americans; this attribute strengthened the diplomatic contribution with Spain. After the 1803’s Louisiana Purchase, the then America’s President Jefferson presented an argument that the region of Florida was incorporated in Louisiana. Consequently, between 1810 and 1812, America annexed some western sections of Florida. President Thomas Jefferson sought more territory when John Quincy Adams served as the State’s Secretary. Between 1817 and 1818, the then US President James Monroe and Adams resumed plans of acquiring Florida as well as a boundary to the west, to be incorporated in the Louisiana Purchase. Following the negotiations that spent a few months, the treaty was signed 18198. Following the spread of the United States in Appalachians, there was an increased need for the Mississippi River to assist in the production of America's Wes t. This section is sometimes known as the section between the Mississippi and Appalachians. The Louisiana territory belonged to Spain since 1762, including 828,000 miles. There was friction between the United States and Spain regarding the right of navigating the Mississippi as well as the right for U.S people to transfer goods to vessels at New Orleans. However, the friction was settled through the Pickney Treaty in 1795. Following the introduction of the

English Literature Essay Example for Free

English Literature Essay Hannam University Department: English Language and Literature. Degree: Masters of English Language Literature. Title: The Kite Runner: The novel presents the story of a country and people in turmoil. An abridgment of a THESIS Presented to Professor Kim Ilgu, the Faculty of the Department of English Language Literature of the Hannam University in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Masters of English Language Literature. By Uttam Mallick Student ID: 20114012 An brief overview of Khaled Hosseini, The Kite Runner—Stories Views on education: Khaled Hosseini is an Afghan-born American novelist and physician. He is a citizen of the United States where he has lived since he was fifteen years old. Khaled Hosseini is the first Afghan-American writer to publish a work of fiction in English in the United States. The Kite Runner is Hosseini’s first novel, and his book has achieved a significant amount of success since its publication in 2003-now in its seventeenth printing with over 1. 4 million copies sold-and has repeatedly appeared on the New York Times Best Sellers List over the last three years. Even though bookstores and libraries have been inundated with literature about Afghanistan and Iraq, none appear to have achieved the same amount of recognition or success as The Kite Runner. Since the nineteenth century, critics have called into question the literary merits of sentimental fiction for its seemingly unskilled rhetoric and inauthentic sentiment. Although the aesthetic purpose of sentimental literature has been repeatedly trivialized by literary critics, sentimental imagery, language and themes have been effectively utilized by various authors in the past to critique controversial social, historical and political practices of the times, such as slavery in Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin (1852), and continue to be effectively utilized by contemporary authors, such as perceptions of Afghanistan and its people in Khaled Hosseini’s The Kite Runner. To complete my final thesis, I will use books and reviews or published by scholarly journals as well as major and minor newspapers to analyze the popularity of the novel, including its literary strengths and weaknesses. I will try to use my own knowledge and criticism about the country and people in turmoil. Some scholarly articles on Afghanistan published shortly after 9/11 will be used to provide a social and historical context for Hosseini’s novel. Lastly, I will use both scholarly articles and books to explain the concept of â€Å"sentimentality† and â€Å"emotional narratives,† and their cultural importance, which will help me further articulate my critical approach to Hosseini’s text. Source of Data: For the research must be my own idea with some paper secondary data will be used.

Is Globalisation A Threat Or Opportunity Economics Essay

Is Globalisation A Threat Or Opportunity Economics Essay The term globalisation is often used however hardly ever defined. It refers to the rapid enhance in the share of monetary movement taking place across state limits. This goes further than just the international trade in goods and comprises the way those goods are produced, the delivery and sale of services, and the movement of resources. Globalisation is the result of a number of interrelated developments together with: The increase and relative consequence of foreign direct investment and multinational enterprises The internationalisation of financial markets The ongoing growth of communication and transport technology Deregulation and liberalisation Privatisation of public sector service (TSSA) This report includes about Globalisation and its impacts to consumers and also the benefits that both organisations and employees could take chance of it. Defining Globalisation Globalisation is the process by which the world is becoming increasingly interconnected as a result of massively increased trade and cultural exchange. The global economy is the machine that powers globalisation. This concept has been taking place for hundred of years, but has speeded up rapidly over the last decade. The factors that influence globalisation include the following. Communication: Technological products and services such as TV, Telephone and Internet have allowed information to travel so rapidly. An Australian business can have a call centre in Sri Lanka answering calls from Australian customers (BBC). Transport: This has become cheaper and people travel more than earlier days since the development of the transport industry such as Rail Transport, Air Transport and Sea Transport. The mode of transport has become more convenient than never before with the improvement of technology since customers can arrange their travel needs staying at their home and the services are delivered to their door step. Businesses can ship products and raw materials all over the world more easily making products and services from all over the globe available to their local customers (BBC). Trade Liberalisation: Laws restricting trade and foreign investment have been relaxed. Several governments even offer grants and tax incentives to convince foreign companies to invest in their country (BBC). When globalisation comes into existence there are two main policies that govern the process of globalisation, which is Privatisation and Deregulation. Privatisation is all about putting the government out of the business. Which means the free market will take control of the business which is managed by a private sector organisation. When the government is incompetent to run the economy they will let the free market to run it which will benefit the public. At this stage governments will sell their publicly owned business and assets to multinationals (MNCs) which are controlled and financed by public shareholders. In a country deregulation will take several forms. Government in a country would take off the trade restrictions and easing of government regulation in business will allow the business to run more efficiently. Therefore the best business will survive the competition to give the consumers a better standard of living. Dimensions of Globalisation Trade Trade is the key ingredient that receives more attention of globalisation. Trade liberalisation would minimise the formal trade barriers through the process of WTO and other regional bilateral agreements. Trade liberalisation receives much public inspection since it engages direct policy decisions by national government to reduce trade barriers. It involves legislation and concessions with other governments. Thus trade liberalisation is important to many countries economic in modern times. Many successive governments have delivered on commitments to reduce trade barriers (Harcourt, 2001). Investment There is less public debate about the role of investment despite the capacity of the capital which outstrips trade flows in this aspect of globalisation relative to trade. One of the reason behind this would be there are formal regulations of investment made by governments on an international scale equally there are trade regulations in the WTO. However the opening of the domestic economies to FDI is an important part of modern globalisation (Harcourt, 2001). 3.3 Organisational Change This dimension of globalisation related to organisational change in the corporate sector. Exploring trade and investment flows between countries may provide some suggestion to international economic integration but it may fail to spot key important developments of corporate restructure and firm behaviour that may have major affects. There have been intact changes in many organisations in terms of the nature of the firm due to globalisation of the production and distribution process. Today firms are part of global supply changes with extensive global networking which has led modern world management strategies such as outsourcing (Harcourt, 2001). According to Eslake (2000), For both corporations and governments, the drive to lower costs has in turn spawned a variety of management strategies such as outsourcing non- core activities to outside specialists, striving for economies of scale by acquiring and consolidating the operations of other businesses producing similar or compatible products, and shifting activities to locations where the most important inputs (such as labour or energy) may be obtained on the most favourable terms. For each of these strategies, reaching across national borders is a distinctly possible outcome. Corporate strategy might occur within in a nation where as in some instances it may not. Nevertheless, exporters and affiliates of international firms are often the first to implement organisational change within a country. Exporters tend to adapt international business practices much earlier than the domestic firm in the domestic market do will be a special characteristic. Therefore, practices like out-sourcing, benchmarking, business networking and contracting out are more likely to be pronounced in the exporting sector of the economy (Harcourt, 2001). Is Globalisation a Threat or Opportunity? Globalisation has the potential to create wealth and enhance living standards. The benefits are obvious for countries which comprised with products, skills and resources in order to take advantage of the opportunities provided by the global markets. Furthermore there are some major downsides particularly for those countries that dont fall into to this category (TSSA). In general globalisation is recognised as having increased the gap between the rich and poor. This is largely because of the policies that drive the globalisation processes have mainly focussed on the needs of the business. Moreover this concept has significant social and political implications which have brought the threat of elimination for large section of the worlds population creating unemployment, growing wage and income disparities. This concept globalisation which we all concern about has also made it difficult to deal with economic policies just as prominently in corporate behaviour which is purely within a nation (TSSA). Over the past years industrialised countries which are highly paid have seen their income rise much more faster than the average developing families in third world nations are dependent on insecure such as low paid jobs and less social benefits. Trade Liberalisation of trade which means and to reduce regulation including legal protection of workers has put on a negative impact on the lives of millions of people around the world. Several poor countries such as Sri Lanka are have been encouraged to enhance the production for exports and compelled to reduce inadequate spending on public services so that it will benefit the nation to repay their foreign depts. Consequently this has forced many people substantially in to a life of poverty and uncertainty (TSSA). Pros and Cons of Globalisation Positive: The utmost benefit that most of the developed countries get from globalisation is the availability of greater range of cheap goods to buy. Globalisation opens people to be alive to other cultures and all their creativity and to the flow of thoughts and ethics. Information and communication technologies have eased interaction among countries and peoples. Globalization has eased international trade and commerce, facilitated foreign investment and the flow of capital. Globalization has freed labour across boundaries. Globalization has set new rules that are integrating global markets. (Nsibambi, 2001) Negative: As cultures interact, some cultures are being diluted and/or destroyed at the expense of others and negative values are being spread all over the world with relative ease. The world is now divided between the connected, who know and who have a monopoly on almost everything, and the isolated, who do not know and who practically have nothing. Globalization has encouraged illicit trade in drugs, prostitution, pornography, human smuggling, dumping of dangerous waste and depletion of the environment by unscrupulous entrepreneurs. Globalization has facilitated the brain drain in developing countries, thus reducing further their human capacity. Globalization has set new global rules that have further marginalized poor countries and people, especially in areas of trade. (Nsibambi, 2001) Conclusion In order to sustainably serve the humanity there would be a different global economy that works in the real world. It is inevitable that the pain destruction caused by the global economy has affected the consumers in the poor countries at large but this how the global economy is designed. Employment deprivation, social breakdowns, and high personal stress levels are not a substance to mathematically calculated profit margins in todays business arena. The people of a nation as humans care about well being of their environment and society in which they belongs to. Most of the MNCs do not have such national sentiments to put in to practice as they would look ahead to give the world for a dominant market share and presently their concern is merely just doing what they want.

Work Experience Essay -- Papers

Work Experience As I woke up one Monday morning, the 7th of July 2003, it hit me. I had work experience for the next two weeks; it was brilliant, amazing. No school for two weeks. The excitement of the big wide world out there and homework. It couldn't be better, but it could be worse and It was the weather outside was appalling cloudy, cold and it was raining and I had to ride three miles to Quendon, to Red Star Tyre & Exhaust. It wasn't going to be as great as I thought getting there; the weather was like a cold winter's day, but it wasn't it was the start of summer. But I made it and pulled up outside a building, which looked as if it had been uninhabited for years. The place looked like it should have fallen down twenty years ago. The sign outside was missing words. The fuel pumps didn't work, and the man who runs the place didn't look much better, with curly ginger hair, he was a small guy for a fully grown man. He was about 5ft 6". I saw him standing behind the till his back towards me. All I saw was his hair and a dirty bedraggled jacket with what was meant to saw red star, but instead it said ' ed st r'. Then he turned round and looked at me to welcome me in, and said " I'm Terry Bacon". I didn't fell very welcome at all, and muttered " nice to meet you in a very trembled voice. He reminded me of a manic doctor you see on horror films with red eyes and a worrying smile. I heard somebody pull up outside and I looked out of the large floor to ceiling windows to see a white Peugeot 406, and stepped a young guy, well younger than Terry. He was about my height, medium build brown hair, and brown eyes, and looked as if... ... one day a customer turned up and he was about the same age as Brian, and he was in a fiesta. He wanted one of his tyres changed, so I did what he wanted done and then he left. Afterwards Brian told me he was the one at school who was really clever and went to university. After I now realise that even if you do all of university you still have to start at the bottom and work your way up. Experience is worth more than grades and its not what you know it who you know. I have learned from working at the Red Star that I want to stay on a school for as long as possible. But I don't want to go and work for somebody as I have seen at the Red Star the workers don't get treated properly. With poor quality equipment, and they still have to get the job done. I have also found out a lot about myself in the two weeks I had there.

Media and Gender Stereotyping :: Media Stereotyping of Men and Women

1 ABSTRACT Past research found that media culture, particularly magazines, present stereotypical notions of gender. Gender stereotypes are not inflexible, like a barometer stereotypes change to reflect both societal and cultural values. This research set out to study current gender stereotypes types in four popular magazines (Marie Claire, GQ, Shape and Men's Health). The advertisements were categorised into gender specific and gender neutral adverts. The results found that the mode for gender specific adverts for both men and women's magazines related to female specific related adverts. Although the findings did not support the prediction of stereotypical gender specific advertising, the research itself was characterised by a number of weaknesses. 2 INTRODUCTION Advertisements have appeared in print media since the invention of the printing press in the 1500s. The usage of the term magazine itself first came about with the publication of 'The Gentlemen's Magazine' and 'The Lady's Magazine' in the 1730s by Edward Cave (1691-1754) (Connor, G 2001). Different types of magazines exist for just about every age and social group, for any interest, hobby and lifestyle. Advertisers make use of information gathered by agencies like ABC (Audit Bureau of Circulation) and the NRS (National Readership Survey), who categorise consumers by age, gender, occupation and socio-economic status. This knowledge enables advertisers to design ad campaigns specific to their target audience through the types of magazines they read (cited in Magazines and Gender, 2004). Even though adverts are designed with a specific audience in mind, they are still developed to appeal to the vast majority within that target audience; there is no resource, finance or capability to market each unique individual. Advertisers exploit stereotypical gender types to produce advertisement to have the widest appeal. Societies have always had ways of differentiating between both men and women, between masculinity and femininity through the assertion of different attitudes and behaviour patterns onto each gender (as cited in Gender and Identity, 2004). It is therefore essential to distinguish between sex, gender and

Modern Man Has Become Enslaved by Time :: Argumentative Persuasive Essays

Modern Man Has Become Enslaved by Time In no characteristic is existing society in the West so sharply distinguished from the earlier societies, whether of Europe or the East, than in its conception of time. To the ancient Chinese or Greek, to the Arab herdsman or Mexican peon of today, time is represented by the cyclic processes of nature, the alternation of day and night, the passage from season to season. The nomads and farmers measured and still measure their day from sunrise to sunset, and their year in terms of seedtime and harvest, of the falling leaf and the ice thawing on the lakes and rivers. The farmer worked according to the elements, the craftsman for as long as he felt it necessary to perfect his product. Time was seen as a process of natural change, and men were not concerned in its exact measurement. For this reason civilizations highly developed in other respects had the most primitive means of measuring time: the hour glass with its trickling sand or dripping water, the sun dial, useless on a dull day, and the candle or lamp whose unburnt remnant of oil or wax indicated the hours. All these devices were approximate and inexact, and were often rendered unreliable by the weather or the personal laziness of the tender. Nowhere in the ancient or mediaeval world were more than a tiny minority of men concerned with time in the terms of mathematical exactitude. Modern, western man, however, lives in a world that runs according to the mechanical and mathematical symbols of clock time. The clock dictates his movements and inhibits his actions. The clock turns time from a process of nature into a commodity that can be measured and bought and sold like soap or sultanas. And because, without some means of exact time keeping, industrial capitalism could never have developed and could not continue to exploit the workers, the clock represents an element of mechanical tyranny in the lives of modern men more potent than any individual exploiter or than any other machine. It is therefore valuable to trace the historical process by which the clock influenced the social development of modern European civilization. It is a frequent circumstance of history that a culture or civilization develops the device that will later be used for its destruction.

A Raisin in the Sun – 2

In A Raisin in the Sun by Lorraine Hansberry, Beneatha wants to learn more about her heritage. She wants to get closer to her roots, and know more about it. The line, â€Å"How can something natural be eccentric? † (Hansberry 80 Act two Scene 1), shows off a defensive tone. This quote is said after George tells her that her natural hair looks eccentric. Her defensiveness over her hair shows her determination to be in touch with her heritage. Beneatha cut her hair because she thought it was too Caucasian looking.By Beneatha doing this it shows her determination. Beneatha, however, is not the only person with determination. Ruth, just like Beneatha, has determination. Ruth has the determination to keep her family in check, and to do what is best for them. Ruth, along with determination, has being strong as a character trait. She is expecting another baby, and is deciding whether to get an abortion or to keep the baby. â€Å"When the world gets ugly enough—a woman will do anything for her family. The part that's already living† (Hansberry 75 Act 1 Scene 2).Mama says this about Ruth to Walter when she figures ruth is going to get rid of the baby by getting an abortion. By thinking of and making this decision it shows Ruth's determination and how strong she is. Just as Mama said, a woman will do whatever it takes for her family. Later on in the play Ruth decides to keep the baby and not get the abortion. Walter has determination, as well as stubbornness. Stubbornness is a form of a strong character trait. Walter has to be pretty strong willed to be as stubborn as he is with wanting to open a liquor store with some of his buddies.Because of Walter's stubborn determination, he has been fighting with Ruth about opening a liquor store with his buddies. He plans on opening it with the insurance money that Mama is getting. Ruth and Mama both do not think that it is a good idea. Walter knows this and therefore upon knowing this his stubbornness shows. â€Å"Man say to his woman: I got me a dream. His woman say: Eat your eggs† (Hansberry 33 Act 1 Scene 1). In this part of the play Walter is telling Ruth about his idea to open the liquor store, but Ruth will not listen to him.Walter realizes this and starts to get a little defensive and stubborn about it. Therefore starting somewhat of a fight with Ruth. His defensiveness over his dream shows his determination. Just like Beneatha, Ruth and Walter, Mama has determination as well. Mama wants to keep the family together. She does not want the family to keep on fighting. Because of this determination to keep the family from fighting, and to keep them together, she goes out and buys a house with her insurance money that is in Clybourne Park. When Walter finds out he is upset about it. Son—you–you understand what I done, don’t you? I—I just seen my family falling apart today†¦ We couldn't of gone on like we was today. We was going backwards ‘ stead of forwards—talking 'bout killing babies and wishing each other was dead†¦ When it gets like that in life—you just got to do something bigger†¦ † (Hansberry 94 Act 2 Scene 1). In this quote Mama is trying to explain why she did what she did to Walter. This quote shows Mama's passion and her determination to keep her family from falling apart. Everyone has determination.In A Rasin in the Sun by Lorraine Hansberry; Mama, Ruth, Walter, and Beneatha all have a unique determination. Mama and Ruth both have determination to keep their family from falling apart. They both want what is best for the family. Beneatha was determined to learn more about her heritage. Walter was determined to open a liquor store. By the end of the play everything was settled and worked out. Ruth had decided to keep the baby, and they all decided to move into the house in Clybourne Park. It was a happy ending for the very determined Younger family. A Raisin in the Sun – 2 In A Raisin in the Sun by Lorraine Hansberry, Beneatha wants to learn more about her heritage. She wants to get closer to her roots, and know more about it. The line, â€Å"How can something natural be eccentric? † (Hansberry 80 Act two Scene 1), shows off a defensive tone. This quote is said after George tells her that her natural hair looks eccentric. Her defensiveness over her hair shows her determination to be in touch with her heritage. Beneatha cut her hair because she thought it was too Caucasian looking.By Beneatha doing this it shows her determination. Beneatha, however, is not the only person with determination. Ruth, just like Beneatha, has determination. Ruth has the determination to keep her family in check, and to do what is best for them. Ruth, along with determination, has being strong as a character trait. She is expecting another baby, and is deciding whether to get an abortion or to keep the baby. â€Å"When the world gets ugly enough—a woman will do anything for her family. The part that's already living† (Hansberry 75 Act 1 Scene 2).Mama says this about Ruth to Walter when she figures ruth is going to get rid of the baby by getting an abortion. By thinking of and making this decision it shows Ruth's determination and how strong she is. Just as Mama said, a woman will do whatever it takes for her family. Later on in the play Ruth decides to keep the baby and not get the abortion. Walter has determination, as well as stubbornness. Stubbornness is a form of a strong character trait. Walter has to be pretty strong willed to be as stubborn as he is with wanting to open a liquor store with some of his buddies.Because of Walter's stubborn determination, he has been fighting with Ruth about opening a liquor store with his buddies. He plans on opening it with the insurance money that Mama is getting. Ruth and Mama both do not think that it is a good idea. Walter knows this and therefore upon knowing this his stubbornness shows. â€Å"Man say to his woman: I got me a dream. His woman say: Eat your eggs† (Hansberry 33 Act 1 Scene 1). In this part of the play Walter is telling Ruth about his idea to open the liquor store, but Ruth will not listen to him.Walter realizes this and starts to get a little defensive and stubborn about it. Therefore starting somewhat of a fight with Ruth. His defensiveness over his dream shows his determination. Just like Beneatha, Ruth and Walter, Mama has determination as well. Mama wants to keep the family together. She does not want the family to keep on fighting. Because of this determination to keep the family from fighting, and to keep them together, she goes out and buys a house with her insurance money that is in Clybourne Park. When Walter finds out he is upset about it. Son—you–you understand what I done, don’t you? I—I just seen my family falling apart today†¦ We couldn't of gone on like we was today. We was going backwards ‘ stead of forwards—talking 'bout killing babies and wishing each other was dead†¦ When it gets like that in life—you just got to do something bigger†¦ † (Hansberry 94 Act 2 Scene 1). In this quote Mama is trying to explain why she did what she did to Walter. This quote shows Mama's passion and her determination to keep her family from falling apart. Everyone has determination.In A Rasin in the Sun by Lorraine Hansberry; Mama, Ruth, Walter, and Beneatha all have a unique determination. Mama and Ruth both have determination to keep their family from falling apart. They both want what is best for the family. Beneatha was determined to learn more about her heritage. Walter was determined to open a liquor store. By the end of the play everything was settled and worked out. Ruth had decided to keep the baby, and they all decided to move into the house in Clybourne Park. It was a happy ending for the very determined Younger family.

Example of informative speech outline Essay

I. Introduction A. Attention Getter:Today, just about everyone depends on information and communication to keep their lives moving through daily activities like work, education, health care, leisure activities, entertainment, travelling, personal relationships, and the other stuff with which we are involved. So what? We need to be aware that the values we hold, the beliefs we harbour and the decisions we make are based on our assumptions, our experiences, our education and what we know for a fact. We rely on mass media for the current news and facts about what is important and what we should be aware of. B. Reason to Listen:Media Effects and Society provides an in-depth look at media effects and is one of the most unresolved issues in our society, and it is necessary to be knowledgeable to its effect. C. Thesis Statement:Social media websites are some of the most popular haunts on the Internet. They have revolutionized the way people communicate and socialize on the Web. D. Credibility Statement:1. I have been seen the related issues of mass media in the news. 2. I have read and studied about the effects of mass media in a related book news paper and, and have done research on the Internet. E. Preview of Main Points:1. First, I will discuss the influence of social media in the society. 2. Finally, I will discuss the effects of social media and the impact to the society and to the individual. II. Social media websites are some of the most popular haunts on the Internet. They have revolutionized the way people communicate and socialize on the Web. A. Social Media is one of the most influential issues in the society. 1. There are three basic functions of mass media. a. Providing news and information b. Entertainment c. Education 2. How media influence us a. According to Victoria Sherrow, in her book Violence the question of cause and effect and the Media: There are positive and negative influences of mass media, which we must understand as a responsible person of a society. b. New and influential media-distribution channels have appeared in the 21st century. Delivered via the World Wide Web across the Internet, we are influenced daily by blogs, wikis, social networks, virtual worlds and myriad forms of content sharing. c. Radio and then television were very influential. As the 20th century closed, TV exposed us to untold numbers of images of advertising and marketing, suffering and relief, sexuality and violence, celebrity, and much more. Transition: Now that I have discussed the influence of social media, I will now discuss the effects of social media and the impact to the society and to the individual. B. The impact of Media on the society 1. Social impact a. Couldry states that â€Å"Mass media generally are considered a prime candidate given the on-line profusion of information and entertainment services. This article compares the daily mass media habits of heavy, light, and nonusers of personal computers and on-line services based on 1994 and 1995 national surveys conducted by the Times-Mirror Center for the People and the Press.† b. On a social level, media has its greatest impact. Viewpoints have been shaped due to the representation of different cultures, races, genders, religions, and sexual orientations. c. Graham noted that social media usage by teens and younger kids sparks a greater fear for some in society. d. Social media has made it possible for like minded individuals to discuss important topics, widen their personal knowledge and discover things they never knew before. 2. Political impact a. The rise of a â€Å"networked information economy† (Benkler, 2006) has revolutionized the media political economy. b. As the Internet plays a larger role in governance, campaigns and activism, the debate continues about how social and digital media are changing politics. c. Social media therefore introduce new informational capabilities for producing, recording and spreading information through networks (Norris, 2002). III. Conclusion A. Review Main Points: 1. Today I discussed the influence of social media in the society. 2. Finally, I discussed the effects of social media and the impact to the society and to the individual. B. Research thesis:Social media websites are some of the most popular haunts on the Internet. They have revolutionized the way people communicate and socialize on the Web. C. Closure:In conclusion, social media has politically and socially made an impact to our society. Each individual have there negative and positive effects; thus we must knowledgeably know the basic elements and it’s fundamentals to avoid violence. References Sherr, V. (2005).Violence the question of cause and effect anAlcoholics Anonymous Meeting Experiencd the Media. Article Kohut, A. (2007). Social Impact Research Personal Computer, Man Made, Use of Time Journal, 243-248 Couldry, N. (2000).Media, Society World: Social Theory and Digital Media Practice. uPublish.com Graham, R. (2014). Social Media Causing a Distancing Phenomena To Take Place. New York, New York: Reader’s Digest. http://journalistsresource.org/studies/politics/citizen-action/research-internet-effects-politics-key-studies#sthash.nuKv68tq.dpuf

Marketing Executive Skills

Axiom steel (PVT) Ltd is a privately owned steel re-rolling firm which consists of three units and is located within the industrial zone at the outskirts of the city. Two of the firm’s units are automatic which produce wire rods & whose end users are the wire & electrode manufacturers. The third is a manually operated unit producing reinforced steel, the end use of which is for construction purposes. The Chief Executive Officer, who is also the owner of the firm, sits at the firm’s head office which is located 25 kilometers away from the production units in the heart of the city. Axiom Steel is currently facing all time huge losses, which the CEO thinks is due to the firm’s production planning deficiency, under /restricted use of the firm’s capacity and ability & poor marketing strategies.   The CEO thinks he needs a good marketing individual who can market his products and can bring business to the company and only then can the company survive, other wise the firm is heading for a shut out which can result in not only a dented reputation for the owner & business loss but also several individuals who are related to the firm, losing their jobs. After through screening and interviews,   the firm hires a new individual at the post of assistant manager marketing whose main goal is to identify the loop holes in the company’s marketing and planning infrastructure and boost sales by formulating proper strategies thus helping Axiom Steel mills, which now poses to be a sinking ship. The newly appointed Assistant Manager visits the various departments of the firm which includes all three units, their production technicians, marketing representatives, quality control and the firm’s ware house. A thorough marketing strategy discussion with the individuals and after discussing results in following points being put forward for analyses:- There is no proper marketing department of the firm, the individuals that are so-called marketing people are actually being used for follow up of the orders, which are netted by the company’s CEO and then transferred to the production floor. These individuals are being paid at price which is far below the prevailing market prices for individuals working under such capacities and are working for the firm since a very very long time. A through interview also reveals that most of the marketing individuals do not posses a recognized degree in Marketing and are working on bases of sheer experience. The production planning is being done in the head office without consulting the production capabilities with the production technicians. The production planning is carried out by the CEO himself with the team he calls his â€Å"marketing team†. Since the CEO seldom visits the production mills and depends purely on the information presented to him by the â€Å"marketing team†; he is un-aware of the ground realities; often, orders are being shipped out late, which are resulting in customer losing faith and looking for other vendor options. There is a communication gap between the head office and the Mill’s Production Management resulting in delay in production planning and preparation of the orders at mill’s end. This gap is also due to the fact that the CEO held the powers to make decisions and enforce to his management. The CEO belongs to an older generation which is reluctant to learn new methods of communications such as the internet (Although the facility is available for use). The fastest method of communication for the CEO is the communication via Fax and Telex. Sales of wire rods are restricted to wire and electrode manufacturers only and thus sometimes, there came a time when the units often faced shut downs due to lack of orders! The two Automatic units which are producing wire rods are also capable of producing reinforced steel for construction but this capability is not being utilized and the units are restricted to production of Wire rods only. This is also a reason for late shipments as bottle necks are being produced and the load is not shifted from one production unit to another which is capable but not being utilized of producing the same product. The CEO is therefore correct in pointing out this issue as one of the reasons for current losses. After looking at above problems, following strategies are being proposed: The company should adopt a proper marketing strategy for its firm. This includes injecting fresh blood in the marketing team, those individuals who are capable of taking the company beyond a certain level. This means certain over hauling of the marketing machinery. The CEO must realize that if he wants the business turn over to increase; he must then look after and take care of his people well†¦ In fact a policy of profit sharing should be introduced where the marketing individuals are given a certain %age of commission over their efforts to bring new business to the firm. If not, then the rate of payment must be increased for the individuals who have lost motivation in working for the company because of the poor compensation for their work. There should be a separate production planning department whose specialization should be the planning of order executions at mills. These individuals will provide the correct idea to the marketing individuals and the CEO regarding the timeline of orders from raw material stage to the shipment Ex-Factory. Each marketing individual should be provided with at-least a desktop computer work station with internet facility and designated individual email IDs which they lack today. This will help the marketing individuals to concentrate on marketing and transfer order execution information from their firm to the customer. Internet excess will also help the marketing people to search for new potential markets and fetching customers, also not to forget faster communication The CEO must realize that if he wants the business to grow, then he must delegate authorities to the individuals working under him as with the increase of business, a phase will come where he cannot handle things on his own. The CEO must introduce a layer of Management which includes Top Management consisting of himself and his reporting General Managers, Middle Management of Managers and Assistant Managers reporting to the GM and the work staff that will be reporting to the Middle Management. This delegation of authorities and creation of Management chain will not only help in quicker decision making but also in fluent transfer of orders from top level to down. These are the points which are basics for an improvement in the marketing structure and in the communication and centralized decision making problem which the marketing department is facing within the firm. These together with a few production related issues highlighted above, if addressed will result in better performance. If successful, more recommendations for improvement will be forwarded for perusal.         

The-Impact-of-Mergers-&-Acquisitions-on-It-Governance-Structures

958 The Impact of Mergers & Acquisitions on IT Governance Structures: A Case Study Pauline O. Chin Florida Atlantic University, USA George A. Brown Technologies Consultant, Jamaica Qing Hu Florida Atlantic University, USA Chapter 2. 32 ABSTRACT Developing information technology (IT) governance structures within an organization has always been challenging. This is particularly the case in organizations that have achieved growth through mergers and acquisitions.When the acquired organizations are geographically located in different regions than the host enterprise, the factors affecting this integration and the choice of IT governance structures are quite different than when this situation does not exist. This study performs an exploratory examination of the factors that affect the choice of IT governance structures in organizations that grow through mergers and acquisitions in developing countries using the results of a case study of an international telecommunications company.We find that in addition to the commonly recognized factors such as government regulation, competition and market stability, organizational culture, and IT competence, top management’s predisposition toward a specific business strategy and governance structure can profoundly influence the choice of IT governance in organizations. Managerial implications are discussed. Copyright  © 2008, IGI Global, distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of IGI Global is prohibited. The Impact of Mergers & Acquisitions on IT Governance StructuresInTRoduCTIon The business environment has become increasingly complex and competitive due to the rapid advances in technology and globalization of the world economy over the last two decades. In order to survive and to compete on a global scale, organizations have sought to increase their market share through mergers and acquisitions (M&A) both locally and internationally. In a publication by the Bureau of Census (2002) on merg ers and acquisitions in over 41 industries for the year 1998, it was reported that there were 3,882 cases of U.S. companies acquiring other U. S. companies. These data also indicated that there were 483 cases of foreign companies’ acquisitions of U. S. companies at an estimated value of US $233 billion, and 746 cases of U. S. companies acquiring foreign companies at an estimated value of US $128 billion. The trend toward mergers and acquisitions has been clearly demonstrated within the telecommunications industry worldwide (Oh, 1996; Ramamurti, 2000; Trillas, 2002; Wilcox et al. , 2001).Over the last several years, telecommunications companies in North America, Europe, and Asia have looked toward acquisitions and mergers for their survival and growth. During the last decade there has been an increasing number of local and foreign investments in the industry (Oh, 1996; Ramamurti, 2000), due primarily to the deregulation of the telecommunications markets as well as the move tow ard total or partial privatization of telecommunications companies within developing regions (Gutierrez & Berg, 2000; Melody, 1999).Foreign investments in developing countries within Latin America and the Caribbean have increased tremendously over the last 20 years due largely to changes in the regulatory policies within these regions. Historically, companies in Latin America and the Caribbean were owned primarily by the local states. This changed dramatically in the mid-1980s to 1990s as the increasing economic and financial demands on the industry forced companies in the region to look toward foreign investments in order to stay competitive.Gutierrez and Berg (2000) reported that between the mid-1980s to mid-1990s, 14 out of the 24 telecommunications firms in the region privatized their companies. This strategy is also credited with setting into motion the current trend in a majority of the region’s telecommunications companies toward increased partial or total privatizatio n (Gutierrez & Berg, 2000; Ramamurti, 2000). As a consequence of this massive privatization and merger-and-acquisition movement in the telecommunications industry, the role f IT in these organizations has changed significantly over the last decade. The traditional relationship of IT providing support services to individual departments within an organization has evolved into one where IT now plays a broader role in achieving the overall strategic goals of the organization via a focus on global enterprise-wide support that encompasses not only multiple departments, but often different countries and cultures as well.As a result, IT governance in the dynamic and complex business environment has been pushed to the forefront of critical issues facing the management of these organizations, in spite of the fact that little research exists on IT governance that attempts to identify and explain the multiple factors that may affect the choice of IT governance structures in the context of merge rs and acquisitions in developing regions.In order to address these issues, this article examines the evolution of a governance structure within a global telecommunications network organization, based on a framework developed from the extant literature on corporate and IT governance theories and practices. The article addresses the general research question: In the process of integrating foreign subsidiaries into the host company, what are the factors that influence the choice of IT governance structure? The primary purpose of the article is to contribute to a broader understanding 959 2 more pages are available in the full version of this document, which may be purchased using the â€Å"Add to Cart† button on the publisher's webpage: www. igi-global. com/chapter/impact-mergers-acquisitions-governancestructures/9761 Related Content Information and Communication Technology and Good Governance in Africa G. Onu (2007). Encyclopedia of Digital Government (pp. 1026-1034). www. irm a-international. org/chapter/information-communication-technology-goodgovernance/11628/ Internet Voting: Embracing Technology in Electoral Processes Andru Riera, Jordi Sanchez and Laia Torras (2002).Electronic Government: Design, Applications and Management (pp. 78-98). www. irma-international. org/chapter/internet-voting-embracing-technology-electoral/9997/ Identifying Barriers to e-Government Services for Citizens in Developing Countries: An Exploratory Study Subhajyoti Ray (2011). International Journal of Electronic Government Research (pp. 79-91). www. irma-international. org/article/identifying-barriers-government-services-citizens/56100/ The State of Mobile Government in Turkey: Overview, Policy Issues, and Future Prospects Mete Yildiz (2008).Electronic Government: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications (pp. 236-248). www. irma-international. org/chapter/state-mobile-government-turkey/9708/ The â€Å"Quicksilver Initiatives† as a Framework for e-Government Str ategy Design in Developing Economies Kelvin Joseph Bwalya, Tanya Du Plessis and Chris Rensleigh (2012). Handbook of Research on EGovernment in Emerging Economies: Adoption, E-Participation, and Legal Frameworks (pp. 605-623). www. irma-international. org/chapter/quicksilver-initiatives-framework-government-strategy/64874/

Neurexins Induce Differentiation of GABA and Glutamate Postsynvariants Article - 1

Neurexins Induce Differentiation of GABA and Glutamate Postsynvariants - Article Example Neuroligins induce presynaptic differentiation. Findings show that the neurexin-neuroligin link is a core component mediating both GABA and binding to EphB receptors can promote MMDA receptor aggregation. The introduction of a specialized function by narp in regulating the synaptic de3nsity of AMPA receptors on spiny neurons. Neuroligins have been found to induce presynaptic differentiation in the glutamatergic activity of neuroliginaxons. The absence of immunoreactivity for postsynaptic antigens distinguished GAD65 culture and with either COS or CV1 cells. Immature neutrons lacking endogenous lapses exhibit clues and VGlut1 clusters induced by neuroligins from the few endogenous synapses that happen to lie under terms of gephyrin and PSD-95. Neurexins also induce clustering of the cyan fluorescent protein at its intercellular essential NR1 subunit of NMDA receptors. The family of excitatory postsynaptic scaffolding proteins number and total integrated intensity of these clusters in conducting dendrites. In addition, even though neurexins are unable to attach to neuroligins (Ichtchenko et al., 1995), they may undergo Mechanisms of Postsynaptic Differentiation. To better understand whether the b-neurexin–neuroligin complex acts bidirectional and controls postsynaptic differentiation trigger formation of functional presynaptic terminals in axons through interaction with its axonal receptor b-neurexin, Ben Chih and his collaborators overexpressed NL-1 in cultured hippocampal neurons (7). The excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs determine the proper functioning of the neural networks. Bidirectional signaling between pre- and postsynaptic cells is thought to regulate synaptic formation. RNA interference in down-regulation of the neuroligin isoform results in a loss of excitatory and inhibitory synapses. Electrophysiological analysis concealed a major drop of inhibitory synaptic function.  

MF Global Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

MF Global - Assignment Example A financial audit is therefore one of the assurance duties conducted by auditing firms. In case an organization engages external auditors, the level of responsibility of such auditors goes beyond the duties of the internal auditors. More importantly, the extent of the responsibilities of the auditors is defined by the International Standards on Auditing (ISA) (Haas, 2012). A fraud audit is conducted in instances where fraud is suspected in the financial statements and such auditing is therefore meticulously conducted by thoroughly reviewing the statements. In most cases, organizations conduct fraud audit just to ascertain that nothing suspicious occurs within the financial statements and to discover any misdealing before it is too late (Haas, 2012). An auditor conducting a fraud audit does not really conduct an investigation as might be supposed. Rather, it is just a way to identify any fraudulent transactions. The auditor traces each transaction in the statements for accuracy. Their duty transcends the ledger records in looking for fraudulent transactions in the financial statements. Any form of inconsistency in the financial statements can therefore help towards uncovering fraud in the organization (Haas, 2012). 2) Indeed, there is always a major issue regarding the responsibility of corporate CEOs on the financial activity of their organizations. In the case of MF Global, it was realized that several issues relating to accounting partly accounted for the bankruptcy of the organization. As the overall executive of an organization, it is imperative that the CEO is much abreast with all the financial activity in the organization. Considering that such financial scandal can lead to the collapse of the organization, it is important for the CEO to be much aware of the financial activity of the organization. The stakes

Animation Critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Animation Critique - Essay Example For instance, the end of world war II had bring devastation to Japan and crimes and evils had increased at that time too, so Astro is shown saving people and stopping US Force from attacking poor Vietnamese. (Tezuka Osamu and Astro Boy, 2008). Moving towards the animation techniques used in the film; the first is computer aided techniques, which is 2D and 3D. For instance, in the movie Astro lashes needed to be long and curl, hence 3D techniques were used to achieve this feat. It was also used to fabricate vertices, edges and faces (Taylor, 2002). Furthermore, facial expression were also used such as parameterization to obtain a smiling, laughing or angry Astro Boy face or to remove wrinkles and to make these facial expression of Astro more realistic 2D and 3D morphing were also executed (Noh, 1998). Apart from these different other techniques were also implemented such as three fram shooting to emply a full animation, stop images to display a still photo of a crowd or still reaction from Astro Boy, Pull-Cells to make the scene with Astro flying or mving to save people and repetaition technique to illustrate Astro by walking around (Steinberg, 2006). Before rating the movie, we will use eight judging criteria. The storytelling was good as the Astro acts of saving people provided with a moral message, the clarity of the scenes are also present and timing is perfectly used. Secondly, the 12 principles of animation were also utilized to portray facial expressions, fight scenes and the normal stance in the movie. The tchnical criteria was also met with the help of major and crucial animation techniques, the movie was properly paced with perfect display, camera angles and lip synchorization. Aesthetics was also given attention as the coloring was matched and expressing, art in form of bulding and characters were also present perfectly and use of sound was also present when Astro was in figh with the villans, good sound of

Efficiency in the Market Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Efficiency in the Market - Essay Example It requires goods to be produced in the least cost way. The firms are forced at the minimum level of average cost in the long run. The consumers are benefitted under productive efficiency as they are required to pay the lowest possible product price. Allocative efficiency is given by the equality between price and marginal cost. It requires firms to take that production path that is the need of the society. When the firm is not able to increase its welfare by producing more of one good then a situation of efficient allocation is said to exist. A firm can achieve such efficiency by equating marginal cost and price. Marginal cost is regarded as the amount of satisfaction foregone due to the production of another good. If P=MC then value of produced goods is equal to the value of not produced goods. Considering a hypothetical country and a firm who is a price taker, the firm will produce at the profit maximizing quantity which will equate price and marginal cost. The firm will face U-sh aped cost curves and horizontal demand curve. 1 Perfect competition can efficiently allocate resources in the long run. The following is the long run equilibrium condition: P=SRMC=LRMC=SRAC=LRAC This equation states prices to be equal to marginal cost and average cost both in the long and short run. With P+MC no firm has the motive to make adjustments in quantity. Again with P=AC each firm earns only normal profit. This is a situation of no economic profit-loss situation. The long run condition is satisfied only at the minimum of LRAC curve. This is also termed as the minimum efficient scale. The minimum efficient scale provides the economy to utilize resources in optimal and efficient fashion. Two types of agents participate in the competitive market. The other participant is scarce resources. In the economy framework a resource is defined as the item (goods or services) that is valued by the agents. It is the scarcity of resources which calls for efficient allocation of resources to satisfy all the participating agents. The decisions on allocation are of prime importance in this market principle. A market is defined as the place where buyers meet sellers. The mode with which the exchange takes place is called price. The main characteristic of competitive market is the adjustment of prices until supply is equal to demand. The price sets the market in equilibrium and such a situation is called Pareto optimal situation. In a decentralized economy the equilibrium price is determined by tatonnement process. Prices tend to rise if demand is greater than supply and decrease when demand is less than supply. An adjustment to occur the demand and supply at the current prices must be known beforehand. Consider the case where there are many independent sellers. If there access to full information to both the buyers and the sellers then price of the product will set at the equilibrium. Now suppose a high price and a low price is charged for the product. The consumers may opt firms selling their products at high price to offer at some price level which is the difference between the high and low price. Such a situation will offer a better off situation for both parties. The quantities are in the Y-axes. The equilibrium price is denoted as p*. At this price the buyers will be willing to pay at least this amount of price to buy the products and the firms will be able to sell their products at the market rate. If the price is less than the equilibrium p

Ender's Game Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Ender's Game - Research Paper Example While at the Battle School, these children are trained in the art of battle via increasingly tough games. These games include ones that are performed in zero gravity in the Battle Room. This is where the tactical genius of Ender is discovered. According to the book, humanity started to examine the solar system and comprehend interplanetary spaceflight sometime in the near future. During this assessment, they came across an alien species referred to as the Formics, offensively named buggers because of their insect-like features (Elaine 7). These creatures attacked human beings and members of these two species entered into a battle. In spite of political disagreements between the three ruling parties, the Strategos, Polemarch, and Hegemon, a peace was developed and an International Fleet created to deal with the Formics. In anticipation for the return of the buggers, the International Fleet developed the Battle School. This was a program meant to ascertain children of brightest and bes t tactical brains and place them in thorough training to help deal with the Formic concern once and for all (â€Å"Introduction†. Enders Game 26). This paper will analyze and interpret why Ender behaves as he does in the novel by looking at the events or conditions that made him the person he is in the novel. Ender’s game highlights the story of Ender Wiggin. This is a young boy who is taken to the Battle School which is situated in the orbit above the earth. This training institution is created to make the young children become combatants that will fight against the buggers in the future. Ender goes to the training institution, trying his level best to advance in the harsh training program. On the other hand, his sister and brother are attempting to fix the earth and make it a better place. The training is difficult for Ender. Nonetheless, Ender is given an extremely talented instructor, who assists him in becoming a commander who will ultimately

AT&T annual report analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

AT&T annual report analysis - Essay Example Images in AT&T’s 2013 annual report to show that the company serves people from different multi-ethnic communities.There is a picture of two small children using a computer on a luxurious bed. Behind them is a large Cupboard with books and a world globe on top of it. The children are illuminated by light from the computer; displaying their faces of different colors which means that they come from different racial/ethnic communities. Perhaps they are using internet technology (product) from AT&T. The world globe on top of the cupboard also shows that the company serves people or ethnic communities from different parts of the world. Therefore, these pictures welcome investors from different cultures of the world to invest in the company’s shares and to display global marketability of the company. AT&T’s 2013 annual report effectively uses color to create a clear visual image of the company’s performance for the investors to be convinced that the company is performing well; hence it is worth investing in it. For instance, the title â€Å"To our investors† on page one is written in capital letters and red colors to invite investors to read the message given by the company. In AT&T’s 2013 annual report, figures indicating key financial performance measures of the company are also colored to clearly show the company’s performance to investors in a way that they can see easily and be convinced about the performance. Comparison in growth of earnings between 2012 and 2013 are also shown in red and blue colors on page 7 of AT&T 2013 annual report. AT&T 2013 annual report also uses figures in form of pie charts graphs in order to show the share performance of the company and convince investors to buy shares. For instance, on page two there is a pie chart which shows the revenue growth generated by different lines of business including wireless, voice and wireline data. This helps investors to visualize the performance of the company in terms of

Terrorism Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Terrorism Paper - Essay Example This covers the terrorist groups and activities originating from within the European continent, and also the involvement of terrorist organizations and activities from outside Europe. The paper also will also discuss how terrorism operates in both method and rationale, such as going over examples of their various modus operandi and goals. There will also be discussion of the foreign support and involvement of other countries to these groups, whether within or outside Europe, and their alleged agendas or reasons for doing so. At the tail end of this paper, there will be theoretical recommendations or applications in dealing with the issue of terrorism in Europe. As such, possible practical scenarios could be given as examples based from the analysis of the research made for this paper. Insight can also be given as a personal output in reference to the information studied for this research. Before discussing the various terrorist acts in 20th century Europe, it should first be understood what terrorism is and how one is defined as a terrorist. Usually, an individual is considered a terrorist if he or she has political goals or beliefs that are strong motivations to commit acts of violence against their enemies, regardless if done on non-combatants. It can be said then that terrorism is an act of violence made against non-combatants or civilians for the purpose of waging a psychological warfare of fear. This can be in the form of indiscriminate bombings, assassinations, and sabotage in highly populated civilian areas. These actions are done for a politically or culturally motivated goal and made aware through violent and fearful acts. Modern European history has many incidents and episodes of violent terrorist acts. Perhaps one of the most well known would be the assassination of Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife by a Serbian nationalist radical by the name of Gavrilo Princip. The attack was motivated by an individual

Impact of Minimum Wage on Unemployement Essay Example for Free

Impact of Minimum Wage on Unemployement Essay â€Å"We cannot unambiguously conclude that a minimum wage increase will increase unemployment levels†. Discuss. The essay is outline as follows. Firstly, I would define some of the key terms. Secondly, I would outline the reasons for the statement. Lastly, I would provide the concluding remarks. Unemployment is when those members of the labour force who are willing and able to work cannot find a job. Minimum Wage In a perfectly competitive labour market, the equilibrium wage should be W1, where labour supply = labour demand. Wages are artificially altered when the price floor is imposed. An increase in the wage rate encourages the economically inactive to enter the labour market, causing an expansion in the supply of labour. The minimum wage raises the marginal cost of employing workers, thereby causing a contraction of labour demand. From an excess supply of labour, only the workers who are skilled will be employed. The least skilled, thus least productive will be priced out of the market leaving them involuntarily unemployed. The change in employment levels is the product of the elasticity of labour demand multiplied by the proportional rise in the wage. Any increase in the minimum wage will be passed on to consumer prices. If demand for the product is inelastic, the increased price will not effect consumption of the good to a great extent. So employment rates would remain relatively the same. The opposite effect would happen for elastic good. If labour costs make up a small proportion of total costs, then any increases in the wage rate would have little effect on employment, as total costs would have only increased by a small amount. Where labour and supply are both inelastic, employment costs are minimised. If they are both elastic, more jobs are lost. Although according to classical theories, the reason that minimum wage increase will increase unemployment levels is because minimum wage would increase the cost of labour, which lead to an increase in the cost of  production of the firm. Firms would have cut human resources (labour) in order for the firms to control their cost of production. As a result it would leads to a increase in unemployment rate. But in reality, it work differently. In fact the experience of the UK is that a 67% increase in the National Minimum Wages has reduced unemployment and increased employment. It would have lead to a strong Economic Growth. In period of economic growth, firms employ more workers as there is more demand to produce goods. Economic growth in the UK has averaged 2.5% since 1999 In addition, the power of Monoposony should not be ignore. Classical theory assumes that the labour markets are competitive, but in practice workers often face employers with buying power. This means firms are able to pay workers less than the market wage. Therefore, when a government artificially raises wages, firms can actually afford to pay them. It is argued minimum wage legislation is similar to anti trust regulation. Thus, it would lead to an increased productivity. A study by David Metcalf found that firms responded to increased wages by increasing the productivity of workers, especially in the service sector. This is important because it suggests that higher wages can actually help increase productivity in the economy. Firms would lower working hours in respond to the increase in the minimum wage. Rather than make workers redundant, firms have reduced the average hours worked. This is related to part 3, firms try to get higher productivity in a shorter time, so they can afford the minimum wage. Pass on Cost increases. Because the minimum wage affects all firms, it is easier for the cost increases to be passed onto consumers. e.g. because all cleaning firms have higher wage costs, they can all increase their prices. If the wage increase just affected one firm, they would become uncompetitive. Firms would also think of different problems to avoided of Minimum Wage. It  is uncertain to ascertain the extent of this problem, but some firms have circumvented the minimum wage legislation by employing immigrant labour and paying them lower wages. It also makes it more attractive to employ young workers. To conclude, although an increase in minimum wage in theory would lead to an increase in unemployment, but in practical, it would not much negative impact on the employment rate. Therefore, we cannot unambiguously conclude that a minimum wage increase will increase unemployment levels.

Descriptive Words Essay Example for Free

Descriptive Words Essay Words Smile, grin, beam, smirk . . . Frown, scowl, glare, glower, grimace . . . Stare, gaze, gape, watch, gawk, ogle, look, examine, leer . . . Flinch, recoil, balk, cringe, shy away, pull back, wince, cower, shrink, tremble . . . Incredulous, disbelieving, skeptical, doubtful, dubious, uncertain, suspicious, questioning, vague . . . Quizzical, questioning, puzzled, surprised, perplexed, inquiring Interested, curious, involved, attentive, concerned, attracted, fascinated, engrossed . . . Sad, gloomy, cheerless, depressing, dark, dull, thick, dreary . . Happy, content, pleased, glad, joyful, cheerful, blissful, exultant, ecstatic, delighted, cheery, jovial . . . Scared, frightened, terrified, petrified, afraid, fearful, nervous, anxious, worried, timid, shy . . . Strong, burly, brawny, strapping, muscular, beefy, tough, fervent, intense, zealous, avid, eager . . . Coy, bashful, timid, modest, reserved, demure . . . Indifferent, apathetic, unresponsive . . . Remote, aloof, detached, distant . . Threatened, intimidated, alarmed, worried, anxious, troubled, upset, distressed, shocked, startled . . . Crash, thud, bump, thump, bang, thunder, smash, explode, roar, shout, scream, screech, shout, whistle, whine, squawk, blare, slam, stomp, stamp, noise, clap, bark, meow, moo, boom, yell, whisper, hum, snap, hiss, crackle . . . Taut, uptight, immobilized, paralyzed, tense, stretched, hollow, alarmed, strong, weak, sweaty, breathless, nauseated, sluggish, weary, tired, alive, feisty . . . Angry, resentful, irritated, enraged, furious, annoyed, inflamed, provoked, infuriated, offended, sullen, indignant, irate, wrathful, cross, sulky, bitter, frustrated, grumpy, boiling, fuming, stubborn, belligerent, confused, awkward, bewildered, empty . . . Angrily, anxiously, brightly, cheerfully, comfortably, curiously, delightfully, eagerly, enormously, excitedly, faintly, falsely, fearfully, foolishly, frightfully, gently, gracefully, gratefully, greedily, grumpily, helplessly, heroically, hungrily, impatiently, joyfully, kindly, luckily, magically, majestically, merrily, remarkably, splendidly, strangely, swiftly, unusually Afraid, fearful, frightened, timid, wishy-washy, shaky, apprehensive, fidgety, terrified, panicky, tragic, hysterical, cautious, shocked, horrified, insecure, impatient, nervous, dependent, anxious, pressured, worried, doubtful, suspicious, hesitant, awed, dismayed, scared, petrified, gutless . . . Bad, worse, poor, terrible, horrible, evil, wicked, corrupt, heinous, inferior, inept, ill, unfortunate , distressful . . . Big, huge, giant, gigantic, monstrous, tremendous , gargantuan , large, wide, important, influential, immense, massive, bulky, heavy, voluminous . . . Eager, keen, earnest, intent, zealous, ardent, avid, anxious, enthusiastic, proud . . . Fearless,, encouraged, courageous, confident, secure, independent, reassured, bold, brave, daring, heroic, hardy, determined, loyal, proud, impulsive . . . Good, excellent, fine, satisfactory , kind, generous, worthy, humane, pure, benign, benevolent , proper, valid, favored . . Happy, brisk, buoyant, calm, carefree, cheerful, cheery, comfortable, complacent, contented, ecstatic, elated, enthusiastic, excited, exhilarated, generous, glad, grateful, hilarious, inspired, jolly, joyous, lighthearted, merry, optimistic, peaceful, playful, pleased, relaxed, restive, satisfied, serene, sparkling, spirited, surprised, vivacious . . Hurt, injured, isolated, offended, distressed, pained, suffering, afflicted, worried, tortured . . Little, small, tiny, micros copic, miniscule, minute, inconsequential, Lilliputian, insignificant, narrow, thin, paltry, modest, slender, slight . . . Looked, gazed, peered, starched , stared, glanced, sighted, regarded , attended , viewed, inspected , directed, followed . . Nice, friendly, helpful, gentle, warm, inspiring, good-natured, kind, generous, cheerful, loving, happy, funny, peppy, relaxed, thoughtful, cooperative . . . Ran, trotted, skipped, hurried, moved, sped, operated, progressed , glided, flowed, traced, pursued, galloped, loped, fled . . . Sad, sorrowful, unhappy, depressed, melancholy, gloomy, somber, dismal, heavy-hearted, mournful, dreadful, dreary, flat, blah, dull, in the dumps, sullen, moody, sulky, out of sorts, low, discontented, discouraged, disappointed, concerned, sympathetic, compassionate, choked up, embarrassed, shameful, ashamed, useless, worthless, ill at ease . . . Said, acknowledged, acquiesced, added, addressed, admitted, admonished, advised, advocated, affirmed, agreed, alleged, allowed, announced, answered, approved, argued, asked, assented, asserted, assumed, assured, attested, avowed, babbled, bantered, bargained, barked, began, begged, bellowed, beseeched, boasted, bragged, brought, called, cautioned, charged, chided, cited, claimed, commanded, comment, commented, complained, conceded, concluded, condescended, confessed, confided, consented, contended, contested, continued, contradicted, counseled, countered, cracked, cried, debated, decided, declared, decreed, demanded, demurred, denied, denounced, described, dictated, directed, disclosed, disrupted, divulged, drawled, droned, elaborated, emphasized, enjoined, entreated, enunciated, estimated, exclaimed, explained, exposed, expressed, faltered, feared, foretold, fumed, giggled, granted, granted, grinned, groaned, growled, grumbled, haggled, hedged, held, hesitated, hinted, howled, impar ted, implied, implored, indicated, inferred, informed, inquired, insinuated, insisted, instructed, nterjected, interrogated, intimated, intimidated, itemized, jested, judged, lamented, laughed, lectured, lied, lisped, listed, made, maintained, mentioned, mimicked, moaned, mumbled, murmured, mused, muttered, nagged, narrated, noted, notified, objected, observed, opined, orated, ordered, petitioned, pleaded, pled, pointed, prayed, predicted, proclaimed, professed, prompted, pronounced, proposed, propounded, protested, proved, publicized, queried, questioned, quibbled, quipped, quoted, rambled, ranted, reaffirmed, reasoned, reassured, reciprocated, recited, recommended, recounted, referred, refuted, regretted, reiterated, rejoiced, rejoined, related, relented, remarked, reminded, remonstrated, repeated, replied, reported, reprimanded, requested, responded, restated, resumed, retorted, returned, revealed, roared, ruled, sanctioned, scoffed, scolded, screamed, shouted, shrieked, snapped, sneered, sobbed, solicited, specified, spoke, sputtered, stammered, stated, stipulated, stormed, stressed, stuttered, suggested, taunted, testified, thought, threatened, told, twitted, unbridled, urged, uttered, vowed, wailed, warned, went, wept, whispered, whistled, whooped, wrangled, yawned, yelled . . . Amazing, Attractive, Authentic, Beautiful, Better, Big, Colorful, Colossal, Complete, Confidential, Enormous, Excellent, Exciting, Exclusive, Expert, Famous, Fascinating, Free, Full, Genuine, Gigantic, Huge, Informative, Instructive, Interesting, Lavishly, Liberally, Mammoth, Professional, Startling, Strange, Strong, Sturdy, Successful, Superior, Surprise . . . Crammed, Delivered, Directed . . . Brave, Angry, Bright, Busy, Clever, Cold, Cozy, Deep, Flat, Foggy, Free, Fresh, Frozen, Gentle, Giant, Glad, Grand, Hollow, Hungry, Hurt, Lucky, Neat, New, Old, Polite, Proud, Rough, Serious, Shiny, Short, Shy, Smooth, Spotted, Strong, Tall, Tough, Weak, Wide, Wild, Wise, Bumpy, Careful, Cheerful, Chilly, Clean, Cloudy, Crisp, Damp, Enormous, Fancy, Flashy, Flowery, Frosty, Fuzzy, Huge, Icy, Kind, Marvelous, Merry, Messy, Mighty, Misty, Moldy, Plaid, Plain, Quiet, Scented, Selfish, Sharp, Slim, Slippery, Sloppy, Sly, Soggy, Spicy, Stormy, Striped, Sweet, Tasty, Thinly, Tiny, Velvety, Twinkling, Weak, Worn, Young . . .